My Big Fat Greek Wedding - 1512 Words

â€Å"My Big Fat Greek Wedding† is a charming romantic comedy that explores cultural differences in a combination of adorable romance and cute humor. The story revolves around Toula, a thirty-year-old Greek American single woman, who lives with her family in the suburb of Chicago. Like many obedient Greek daughters, she works in her family’s business, a restaurant called â€Å"Dancing Zorba’s.† Toula belongs to a traditional collective upbringing where all good daughters are expected to marry from their ethnic background. However, she struggles with her father’s limited ambitions for her and she longs for something else in life. She enrolls in college and takes computer classes. With the computer diploma under her belt, a rebellious Toula emerges.†¦show more content†¦Similarly, when Toula asks her dad in a powerless language if she can attend college, her father’s statement, â€Å"Why are you leaving me?† not only implies his refusal, but also infers that Toula is negligent in her collective duty towards her family. The implying and insinuating tendency of Toula’s family not only causes friction within her family but also creates communication problems with the low context-oriented Miller family. While Ian and his family are the epitome of the individualistic American society, Toula and her family are the stereotypical personification of the collective warm immigrant minority. Ian’s parents outrageously depict the stereotypical notion of the reserved, cold and distant individualistic â€Å"WASP† character. The viewer can feel their discomfort at the dinner party when both families are introduced. While the Greek clan is hospitable, loud, warm and affectionate, the Miller family is quiet, reserved and uneasy. The scene where Harriet, Ian’s mother, avoids a hug from Toula’s mother by placing a dessert cake cooked in a Bundt pan between the two of them shades an unquesti onable light on the perhaps stereotypical notion that all white people are unaffectionate and overly guarded toward strangers. By putting a physical barrier between her and Maria, Harriet is sending a clear message that her white individual space is precious to her and that she will not succumb to the imposing Greek way ofShow MoreRelatedMy Big Fat Greek Wedding1493 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002) is a Canadian-American film that tells the story of Greek-American, Toula (Fotoula) Portokalos. At thirty, Toula is still waitressing for her family’s restaurant, Dancing Zorbas. Constantly under pressure from her traditional, Greek parents to marry a Greek man and start a family, Toula seeks some distance from the family business. Toula starts attending college classes and eventually begins a new job at her Aunt Voula’s travel agency. After a short periodRead MoreMy Big Fat Greek Wedding1701 Words   |  7 Pagesallowed me to better understand interactions that occur in our daily lives. My knowledge of these concepts was challenged when asked to relate these notions to a movie. During the time that I was watching the movie, My Big Fat Greek Wedding, I realized myself grasping onto what was going on and being able to relate certain scenes and situations to topics I had previously learned about. Interactions in My Big Fat Greek Wedding display concepts of conflict and politeness theory, which can be pointedRead MoreMy Big Fat Greek Wedding1830 Words   |  8 PagesIn 2003, My Big Fat Greek Wedding made audiences laugh across the country. It is a movie about family, a large Greek family to be specific. This is important to the story, because it shows how their traditions cause their daughter Toula to look, and feel like a failure. Toula finds herself alone at age thirty working for her parents in their restaurant, she is as unhappy as that statement sounds. Being disappointed with her heritage pushes a wedge between her and her family, but especially her fatherRead MoreMy Big Fat Greek Wedding963 Words   |  4 PagesThe film My Big Fat Greek Wedding takes place in a Chicago Greek Community background where Toula Portokalosa and her family live comfortably. Toula’s father, Gus, is only interested in regards to seeing his daughter get engaged to a man with Greek background (Hanks Zwick, 2002). On the othe r hand, Toula, who is 30 years old, is increasingly becoming concerned about her age and thinks that she may be time barred as far as getting a marriage partner is concerned. For this reason, she is willingRead MoreMovie Reflection-My Big Fat Greek Wedding1401 Words   |  6 PagesIn the 2002 movie release of My Big Fat Greek Wedding, the writer Nia Vardalos, director Joel Zwick and producer Tom Hanks, tell the story of a real life scenario that is increasing in our ever diverse world. Vardalos, basing the movie on her real life marriage, gives the audience an inside view as to what goes on inside an interfaith marriage and how to make it work. Yet in todays society, the typical view of a marriage is seen as either a fairy tale or ball and chain. However, after watching thisRead MoreEssay on Analysis of My Big Fat Greek Wedding1253 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the movie, My Big Fat Greek Wedding, there was a lot of positive and negative communication that influenced the main charac ter’s life decisions. The story is about a young woman, named Toula, that is of Greek decent who is fearful of being stuck in the life she is now living. She is a frumpy girl that works in her family’s restaurant because she has not been able to find a Greek man to marry, and because of this, her family claims that she is old and has failed in life. She is allowed toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie My Big Fat Greek Wedding 1543 Words   |  7 PagesCross-cultural communication, a big part of most families around the world, and a big aspect of how people’s lives are being lived out according to their cultural beliefs. In the movie, â€Å"My Big Fat Greek Wedding†, Toula, the daughter of Gus, the owner of the restaurant called Dancing Zorbas helps run the family restaurant due to their family’s cultural beliefs. Ever since her encounter with Ian, Toula decided to break from the cultural myopia within the family. With the help of her Mother’ s helpRead MoreEssay on Fools Rush In and My Big Fat Greek Wedding968 Words   |  4 PagesFools Rush In and My Big Fat Greek Wedding Every movie that is written has a certain attitude to it. Some of these are intended to be laughed at and others are meant to be heartfelt. Though each movie is written with its own voice, so to speak, many have similar plots or themes. The two movies Fools Rush In and My Big Fat Greek Wedding are two of these movies that have similarities in the themes, but not necessarily in the plots. Both of these romantic comedies have strong religious backgroundsRead MoreMy Big Fat Greek Wedding - Individualistic vs Collectivistic Culture672 Words   |  3 PagesIn My Big Fat Greek Wedding, I analyzed the scene where Toula’s family is having a party, and Ian Miller’s parents are going to come and meet the family for the first time. This is an extreme clash of individualistic vs. collectivistic culture. Ian’s parents seemed to be a traditional white, American couple with no sense of foreign food, customs, or culture of any kind. When the parents originally start wal king up to the house, and there have to be at least 30 people outside partying, it is anRead More Interpersonal Communication Styles Examined in My Big Fat Greek Wedding1690 Words   |  7 Pagesallowed me to better understand interactions that occur in our daily lives. My knowledge of these concepts was challenged when asked to relate these notions to a movie. During the time that I was watching the movie, My Big Fat Greek Wedding, I realized myself grasping onto what was going on and being able to relate certain scenes and situations to topics I had previously learned about. Interactions in My Big Fat Greek Wedding display concepts of conflict and politeness theory, which can be pointed out

Working Well And How Group Project If There Is A Chance...

Based on the small group that I joined in communication class, I will talk about what is working well and what is getting in the way in our group. Then I will discuss about what I can do to improve the group and the things about group project if there is a chance for a start over again. At last, I am also going to talk about what I think that I learned is important lesson in this semester. First of all, the things that were working well is about our different roles. We have five people in our group and two girls with three boys. For example, three boys are the â€Å"Maintenance roles† to â€Å"help the group run smoothly† (99). To be more specific, they are always talking to each other to check when we have any group works due. They also mentioned to us if there was any individual homework due. These are the roles for keeping the group on track. On the other hand, two girls were more like â€Å"task roles† and were â€Å"to help get the job done† (98). We are always divided works for our group members to finish our group projects. We also will contact every group members before our group meetings to make sure they finish their own works. Therefore, having different roles is the thing that we are working well. Then what is getting in the way is about our group meeting is on time now. When we just met each other first time, we did not know eac h other very well. We are kind of unconcern so most of us late for the first group meeting. However, when we talked to each other more in the first groupShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Film Dashing Into Animation 1201 Words   |  5 Pageshard working in the animation industry because of the fact that this is a competitive career with some low quality studios that end up going bankrupt, which means people without jobs. It is vital to know the issues and conflicts that arises when entering this field, because I’ll know ahead of time to be mindful of Strategizing, the rules and regulation, how to deal with a computer and how to survive in animation. It is important to have a strategy or some type of planning format when working in theRead MoreEngaged Activity And Is The Most General Form Of An Organization1706 Words   |  7 PagesServing, and leading-other forms civically engaged activity-are ways of associating.† (4). They also explain, if we don’t associate together, or join together, how we give, serve or lead wouldn’t really need to be examined, or questioned. In our project my group and I, associated our love of animals with one another to form our group project. Then we joined up with a community partner that is involved in an animal shelter organization to help give our time and service, along with our ideas for futureRead MoreInformation Exchange And Social Facilitation Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesslight social loafing. Suggested methods show how we improved our process losses as a group throughout the semester. From the start of the semester, our team excelled in regards to information exchange by communicating important information in an effective way. By using groupme to communicate when we were not together as a group to creating a Google doc to keep updated on where everyone stands on their portion of the project. Information, expectations, group roles, and meeting times were communicatedRead MoreIs America Truly the Land of the Free?1423 Words   |  6 Pageshas it always been all of that? the people who came to America in search of better living circumstances, did they find what they were looking for, or were they disappointed, forgotten and overlooked left to take care of themselves how they could. People who migrated over from Europe, came in large numbers once word of prosperity and better life reached their countries seeking better life and new beginnings. The African Americans who used to be slaves before but were now freedman, did they have theRead MoreOptimization Of Softwar e Based Systems Agile Modeling1664 Words   |  7 Pagesbased methodology and for the documentation of software based systems Agile modeling is the best practice. Whereas agile modelling is collection of the values and the practices of the software modelling which can he applied in a software development project in a most effective manner. I would like take this paper as medium and discuss the goals and the scope for the Agile modeling. The main concentrations is about the two approaches of software development i.e Agile Model driven development (AMDD) andRead MoreA Report On Chinese Culture986 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation, especially when having to explain grammar instruction to other nonnative speakers who might have had questions. It had taken me a while to realize that the students I had been in a group with were new to college and the United States. These students were under a lot of pressure to succeed and do well for their country, family, and themselves. I did not know what sort of rigorous testing they had undergone to be able to study in America, or what sort of scholarships they may have had to goRead MoreBusiness Plan Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesdo instead to increase your chances of raising money So, if writing a business plan won’t increase your chances of attracting money, what will? How do you increase your chances of generating investor interest and launch a startup successfully? You could find part of the answer from the answer Sam Altman, the president at Y Combinator, gave at a EconTalk podcast when explaining the firm’s logic of not reading business plans. â€Å"We would rather spend the time working on their product, talking toRead MoreProject Management Body Of Knowledge1397 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The abbreviation PMBOK denotes to the Project Management Body of Knowledge. The PMBOK is a developing frame of information for the arena of project management. PMBOK is positioned on the Project Manager and the PMP Exam is an effort to measure the knowledge of a Project Manager. Which differs from a methodology. Nevertheless, the significance of PMBOK to the occupation of Project Management cannot be simple, as the knowledge enclosed within it can be leveraged by any formal methodologyRead MoreGdr Versus Kodak – Bart Film Scanner1467 Words   |  6 Pageson education and research. Moreover, the dentist who practice their research in the GDR research institute, they are GDR brand loyal and prefer its product over other brand. The company wanted to retain its market share in dental imaging through digital advances so as to cautiously get its profit margin in film sales. Angelo Bella (the project manager) attempted to commercialize a new dental film scanner under the Bart Film S canner name. The objective of the company is to introduce a low cost filmRead MoreSoftware Development Life Cycle Throughout The Project1631 Words   |  7 Pagesid: 700606641 Introduction: Agile is a methodology that which enables the continuous iteration of development and testing in the software development life cycle throughout the project. Iteration is defined as a basic or initial part of the software to release. Agile Testing process starts at the beginning of the project with high integration between development and testing teams. In agile testing, the testers will simultaneously work with the development team and testing is done in parallel at

Understanding Equivalence Non Inferiority Testing

Question: Discuss about the Understanding Equivalence and Non Inferiority Testing. Answer: Introduction The research article deals with the effective standards developed in clinical settings that determines whether the current efficacies in use are similar or different from each other. The equivalence as well as non-inferiority with higher efficacies is either to find the difference between the two or to analyze the superiority than the tradition methods. However, the basic aim of the article states the concepts and the statistical methods implicated in testing the equivalence/ non-inferiority efficacies and the critical evaluation of the current usage of these efficacies. Procedure The simplest method that can be used to test equivalence is one-sided test known by TOST procedure which can be extended to testing equivalency in other parameters like odds ratios, means, etc. It is generally carry forward after checking its relevance at the (12) 100% confidence interval for the difference in efficacies because this method is identical to performing two one-sided tests. However, efficacy is measured by two ways firstly, through success rates, when higher is better and through, failure rates which when lower is better. Figure: TOST with Equivalence Margin Source: (Walker and Nowacki 2011) However, after applying the TOST procedure of hypothesis testing using confidence intervals, the strength of evidence is carried out using p value. However, the test can be distinguished as: Traditional testing p-value is less than alpha such that hypothesis (equivalence) is established. Non inferiority p-value is readily available for the TOST. Equivalence Margin The equivalence margin is determined by such that a narrow difference in the value will cause difficulty in establishing equivalence. The value of the study helps in giving result as well as the credibility of the study through relevant evidence and sound clinical considerations. On the other hand, it is primarily designed to minimize the possibility of new theory that stands out to be non-superior to the sample. However, the margin of non-superiority can be evaluated through the previous studies. The displacement from the equivalence with a small fraction can be given by . Conversely, different like Kaul and Diamond, is governed by the maximum efficacy loss of the new theory. Before, the data is recorded, it is important to know the equivalence margin to maintain the Type 1 error at the anticipated level. On the other hand, if there is no difference it does not imply that there would be no equivalence. However, equivalence often lead to incorrect conclusions through wrong hypothesis, non-significant result and no considering of marginal equivalence. Nevertheless, the inconsistencies are measured through the graphs. In TOST and traditional testing, the difference lies between the confidence interval such that in the former, the null hypothesis is rejected and does not cover zero whereas in the latter, the confidence interval is included between the intervals (, ) (Walker and Nowacki 2011). Sample Size and Measure of Effect The sample size is the main dimension in determining number of observations through desired power such that the sample size depends on the equivalence margin. However, the sample size was collected between a new dug and an active control for testing the equivalence using the software PASS. The measure of effect is measured using the proportions in absolute or the relative way. The former explains the difference between the proportions called the absolute risk difference (ARD) whereas when the study is made on the ratios of proportions then the study measures relative risk (RR) as well as odds ratio (OR). The difference lies between the two is that absolute measures are independent of the baseline rate whereas relative measure is dependent to the denominator of equivalence margin (Walker and Nowacki 2011). Analysis of Data The analysis of data is made regarding the decision to be performed on per protocol (PP) or the intention to treat (ITT) analysis. In data analysis, in ITT, the patients either receive the treatment or follow the protocol whereas in PP, the patients receive the treatment, followed by the protocol. The difference in efficacies is smaller in ITT because it makes the equivalence/ non-inferiority hard to reject the null hypothesis and is based on the conservative approach. Therefore, discrepancies experienced in the results the possibility of exclusion bias and the reasons for the non-inclusion of patients in the PP analysis. Conclusion To conclude, the research article emphasizes on the increase in the equivalence due to the new therapies with the same effectiveness and better properties such as lower costs and convenience. Nevertheless, as depicted the confusion in the literature is regarding the equivalence/ non inferiority. The confusion is primarily due to the lack of transparency and uniformity. This applicable when the new methods are introduced with a state of affair that the guidelines for reporting equivalence/ non inferiority studies has improved. However, the use of equivalence/ non inferiority studies has increased if the clinician judges its value in the current times. Reference Walker, E. and Nowacki, A. (2011). Understanding Equivalence and Noninferiority Testing.J GEN INTERN MED, 26(2), pp.192-196.

International Borders Have Always Been Centers Of Conflict, And Essays

International borders have always been centers of conflict, and the U.S.-Mexican border is no exception. With the European colonizing the New World, it was a matter of time before the powers collided. The Spanish settled what is today Mexico, while the English settled what is to day the United States. When the two colonial powers did meet what is today the United States Southwest, it was not England and Spain. Rather the two powers were the United States and Mexico. Both Counties had broken off from their mother countries. The conflict that erupted between the two countries where a direct result of different nation policies. The United States had a policy of westward expansion, while Mexico had a policy of self protection. The Americans never had a written policy of expansion. What they had was the idea of "Manifest Destiny." Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States had the right to expand westward to the Pacific ocean. On the other hand, Mexico was a new country wanting to protect itself from outside powers. Evidence of U.S. expansion is seen with the independence of Texas from Mexico. The strongest evidence of U.S. expansion goals is with the Mexican-American War. From the beginning, the war was conceived as an opportunity for land expansion. Mexico feared the United States expansion goals. During the 16th century, the Spanish began to settle the region. The Spanish had all ready conquered and settled Central Mexico. Now they wanted to expand their land holdings north. The first expedition into the region, that is today the United States Southwest, was with Corando. Corando reported a region rich in resources, soon after people started to settle the region. The driving force behind the settlement was silver in the region. The Spanish settled the region through three major corridors; central, western and eastern. The first settlements were mainly through the central corridor. The Spanish went thorough what is now the modern Mexican state of Chihuahua into the U.S. state of New Mexico. Eventually the Spanish established the city of Santa Fe in 1689. The eastern corridor was through modern day Texas and led to the establishment of San Antonio. The eastern expansion was caused by the French expansion into modern day Louisiana. The Spanish crown wanted a buffer between the French in Louisiana and central Mexico. The last corridor of expansion was in the west, through the sea, which led to the establishment of San Diego in 1769 and Los Angles in 1781. The Spanish were not the only European power to colonize the new world; French, English and the Dutch also settled North and South America. The Spanish and the French settled what is present day U.S.-Mexico border region. The French settled modern day U.S. midwest, while the Spanish settled present day Mexico and U.S. southwest. As time went on, European influence in the region diminished.. The French sold there claims to the United States, in 1803 with the Louisiana Purchase. Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821. Once the United States bought the Louisiana Purchase, western expansion began. This set the stage for major conflict in the region. The United States gained independence from England in 1775. After 1775, the Americans started to expand west. By the time Mexico gained independence, the United States had reached the Mexican frontier. Mexico needed to protect its northern borders. To protect the border region, Mexico needed to populate the area. Mexico continued the policy started by Spain of allowing Americans to settle Texas. The Americans had to follow Mexican law, religion and customs. The settlement of Texas played into the United States expansion plans. Eventually Mexico City closed Texas from more Americans from entering. This angered the Americans wanting to enter and Americans already living in Texas. Texas revolted from Mexico in 1833. Mexicans did live in Texas, and fought for the independence of Texas. The majority of Texans were Americans and fought for their independence. After the war the Americans intentionally or non-intentionally forced most Mexicans out of Texas. The ones that stayed faced racial tensions that continue to today. After gaining independence from Mexico, Texas wanted to join the United States immediately. The U.S. Congress voted against Texas from joining the Union. Congress was worried that annexation of Texas would anger Mexico. Mexico had never officially recognized Texas as independent. Congress was concerned that annexation would start a war with Mexico. Mexicos repose to American annexation was not the only factor in deciding against annexation. If Texas was to become a state, it would be a slave state. At the time, the United States an even balance between slave and non-slave

Whitmans Poetry and American Identity Essay Example

Whitmans Poetry and American Identity Essay Born on 31st May, 1819, Walt Whitman is an iconic figure in the history of American literature. His lifetime’s work, especially his poetry, has come to define the sentiments, aspirations and experiences of American citizens in the nineteenth century. Although Whitman was not active politically, he expressed his political views through his poetry. Having lived through the turbulence of the Civil War, he developed passionate views on the nature and complexion of American polity. Whitman envisioned America to be a vibrant multicultural society. This vision he expressed in many of his poems. The poem Passage to India is a good example of this idealism, which perhaps waned a little during the excesses of the Gilded Age. (Pannapacker, 2004, p.45) Through the medium of this art form, Whitman synthesized his notion of the American identity, encompassing within it concepts such as national sovereignty, individual freedom and democratic polity. For example, â€Å"During this American Renaissance, as it came to be known, authors and philosophers such as Hawthorne, Melville, Thoreau, and Emerson assessed the nation’s brief history in their writings and summarily expressed a national identity. Of all of them, it was Whitman, who, with his barbaric yawp, was the most radical in avowing that American identity was inextricable from the nation’s central premise of self-governance and equality. In poems such as â€Å"Song of Myself,† he stressed to his readers how their individual lives constituted the very circumference of democracy. â€Å"[T] he genius of the United States,† he pronounced, â€Å"is †¦ in the common people.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Schramm, 2005, p.24) We will write a custom essay sample on Whitmans Poetry and American Identity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Whitmans Poetry and American Identity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Whitmans Poetry and American Identity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Whitman’s early years were chaotic, as circumstances forced him to seek employment at the tender age of 11. At first he worked as an office boy for a lawyer and later served as an apprentice and printer’s devil for the newspaper Patriot (published in Long Island). But these early experiences had a profound influence on Whitman’s formative mind, as he absorbed the essence of good journalism and good writing here. Looking back in retrospect, many of the issues raised by Whitman in his seminal work Leaves of Grass have their origins in these early experiences. Under Editor Samuel Clements’ mentorship, Whitman learned about the technical aspects of the printing press, which would help him later in his efforts to self-publish his poems. It was here that he developed his views on American identity. (Barrett, 2005, p.67) Consistent with the thought of Ralph Emerson, Whitman too believed that an American poet must be â€Å"indivisible from the people about whom he wrote†¦the proof of the poet is that his country absorbs him as affectionately as he absorbed it†. (Barrett, 2005, p.67) This symbolic unity of the poet and his compatriots is most evident in the very first poem of Leaves of Grass titled Song of Myself. Through the generous use of â€Å"I† â€Å"me,† and â€Å"you,† that the â€Å"myself† he was singing about comes to represent all Americans. Whitman’s also wrote poems covering sexuality and sexual freedom. In poems such as ‘A Woman Waits for Me’, he famously observed that â€Å"Sex contains all, bodies, souls.† (Barrett, 2005, p.67) Although Whitman’s references to homosexuality and overt sexuality was controversial during his time (which is the why his collections were self-published), his views on the subject only r eflected the emerging liberal tradition of nineteenth century United States. Since Whitman is a quintessential 19th century writer, his works reflected his preoccupation with the Civil War. In the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass, the imagery employed by the author conveyed his hopes for peace and reconciliation. â€Å"At one level, Whitman’s turn to seemingly personal concerns in ‘Calamus’ might seem odd at this moment, on the very eve of actual warfare, but for Whitman the ‘Calamus’ poems explored both important personal relationships and addressed political issues. It was love that was to serve as the glue holding a democracy together.† (Schramm, 2005, p.25) Indeed, based on Whitman’s personal correspondence, it is fairly obvious that he wished to be remembered as a staunch patriot and a nationalist, comparable to the status of Pushkin as the Russian national poet. For example, â€Å"Whitman ruminated about the curious national arithmetic of e pluribus unum (â€Å"Out of many one†) in ways that gave concrete expression-and vivid imagery-to the abstractions at the very heart of our democracy. In Whitman’s best lines, he casts himself as the spokesperson for women as well as men, blacks as well as whites, the well-heeled and the downtrodden. Taken together, the kaleidoscopic parts of America add up to . . . well, America. Whitman’s conception of America was also pluralistic, one in which multitudes could smoothly be integrated into the â€Å"larger, often mystically imagined Union†.† (Pinsker, 1999, p.716) His most influential master work Leaves of Grass is full of allusions, commentary and idealization of American identity. Concepts such as democracy as well as principles such as individual freedom also find frequent mention. In many ways, Leaves of Grass is to the fledgling notion of American identity what Homer and Virgil were to the ancient Greek milieu. In this sense, Leaves of Grass can be said to encapsulate the history, politics and culture of the nascent American nation-state in the form of poetry. Whitman looked around at Americans of all stations for inspiration. And what he found was a nation of nations that augured its years of glory to follow. By thus listening to the messages of daily life, American citizens could learn much about their country’s history, culture and the tendencies in the future. Further, as per Whitman’s conception, the country is in itself a great work of poetry where the past, present and the future conjoin in intricate ways. This notion of treating the country’s exclusive merits is consistent with the broader literary currents of the time, where authors tried to overcome the remaining European influences by way of forming a separate American idiom and literature. (Pannapacker, 2004, p.45) Whitman’s contribution to the development of American identity is seen in overt as well as subtle portrayals in his poetry and poetics. For example, his strong dislike of the institution of slavery is learnt from these lines from his personal correspondence: â€Å"I am the poet of slaves and of the masters of slaves. . . I go with the slaves of the earth equally with the masters and I will stand between the masters and the slaves, entering into both so that both shall understand me alike.† (Pinsker, 1999, p.717) On the other hand, his love of the common American folk is expressed by capturing

Caligula essays

Caligula essays Caligula has been known to history as a colorful emperor. He is the youngest son of Germanicus Ceaser and the grandnephew of Tiberius. Caligula as a child was said to have been very ill with a high fever that probably affected his mind. That would explain all the strange things that he did throughout his life. Gaius was given the name Caligula (Latin for little boot) in the military camps where he spent some of his early life. He succeeded his granduncle Tiberius in the year 37. Caligula was very popular with the army at first since he had served himself. Unlike Tiberius, Caligula was not concerned with having a surplus in the Roman treasury. Soon after he came to power, he began to throw lavish festivals and gladiator games. The people of Rome knew that he was depleting the treasury, and quickly became unpopular. He soon answered them with acts of tyranny and began to have people executed at whim. He banished or murdered most of his own relatives. Caligula committed incest with two of his three sisters. His retreat is to Capri where he indulges himself in immoral acts In 37, Caligula becomes ill, and tells all that he is not really ill, but is metamorphasizing into a god. He then forces the Senate to deify himself and his three sisters. He also forces the Sensate to make his horse a Senator on the grounds that it is Alexander The Greats horse reincarnated. This all becomes too much for the people of Rome. The leader of the Praetorian Guard leads a revolt and Caligula is assassinated on January 24, 41. ...

Marketing Plan for Product Line Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Plan for Product Line - Essay Example 1. How the Selected Small Appliance Supports Company G’s Mission Statement The small appliance supports Company G’s mission statement in several ways. In the first place, the appliances are made using very few materials and little energy. This will boil down to decreased cost of production, and eventually, helping clients purchase them at affordable rates. Beside the aforementioned advantage which will have clients saving their money, the pleasing visual features of design are also likely to excite the passions and happiness of the clients. This happiness is in fact a central part of client’s lives. B. Marketing Objectives 1. The target market for the company’s product is very broad, given that it incorporates all the areas that have undergone electrification. The veracity behind this postulation is elucidated by the fact that the new product can be used in a domestic setting. Given that America is entirely electrified, the whole of it serves as target mar ket. The rest of the developed world, such as the UK and Europe, can also serve as part of the target market, since globalization has become responsible for many multinationals. Multinationals, in turn, have the entire globe, continent, or a regional block serving as target market. 2. Four Selected Marketing Objectives for Company G and an Objective for Each of the Four Marketing Strategies (Product, Distribution, Price, and Promotion) Marketing objectives refer to the goals that an enterprise may wish to accomplish through marketing efforts. For Company G, they are: reaching the desired profit potential for the newly innovated small appliance; helping the appliance fit into the market effectively (introducing the brand to the market successfully); ensuring continuance of use by the market (fostering the demand of the product in the market); and improving the living standard of the market (by making the appliance as helpful, efficient, affordable and physically appealing as possible ). The objectives that Company G is intent on using are also four. The company is aiming at making favorable amounts of profit by tinkering with scientific innovation to deflate the cost of production. Secondly, Company G intends to introduce the brand to the market by making it as unique (helpful, efficient, affordable and aesthetically appealing) as possible. Similarly, the company intends to foster the demand for the same product in the market by promoting it, as a way of making both potential and prospective clients aware of the availability of the product in the market. Finally, by strengthening the attributes of the appliance, especially its affordability and efficiency, the company will have improved the living standards in the market. C. Competitive Situation Analysis 1. Classifying Company G’s Products Using the Three-Way Consumer Product Classification System (a) Convenience goods: the product will always be presented in the market as a commodity from which the like ly benefit from establishing cost and quality evaluation is believed to be less significant in regard to the time and effort of the consumer. (b) Shopping goods: The quality of company G’s product will enable the company to present it in the market to rationally make comparisons of the price, fashion, and suitability. This will be achieved by highlighting these qualities in ads targeted at likely and repeat consumers. (c)

Case study on a restaurant operations management (Ks Biryani) Essay

Case study on a restaurant operations management (Ks Biryani) - Essay Example The restaurant currently has 35 working-individuals to meet the appetite of the customers with their delicious variety of food. With the help of these employees, the restaurant serves almost 250 individuals every day. The chain of restaurant comprises of 2 takeaways and a restaurant. Each takeaway counter interacts nearly with 50 individuals each day while the restaurant has the capacity to serve 120 people during its operational time. The company was established in 2006 with an aim to provide its customers with high quality food to satisfy their appetite. Even though the company started with just a takeaway store, it expanded in terms of location and size in its forthcoming years. The company was just in its introductory stage when it opened its second takeaway outlet in 2008 and its third outlet; a restaurant, in the following year. With promising growth and opportunity ahead, the company is planning to inaugurate its third takeaway store in Jeddah; the heart of Saudi Arabia, in the second quarter of 2013. To provide the customers with high quality and delicious food, the company has several expansion plans for the upcoming years. These plans include expansion and opening the company’s takeaway and restaurants at Jeddah Airport to attract as many customers as possible. Another plan of the company is to open their restaurant in the heart of Mecca and Medina; the two most holy places as it promise great business potential. The management of the company is based on hierarchical structure; the employees report to the manager, who then reports to the top management. The hierarchical structure could also be observed in the takeaway stores; two chefs, two cashiers, one cleaner and a delivery boy. The hierarchical structure eventually helps the company to earn 22,500 pounds on monthly basis. The company started its operation in June 2006 and during the next six months the company had to face lots of setbacks. The store was not even able to reach its break-even point due to which the com pany had to re-introduce its takeaway store with completely different marketing strategies. The re-launching decision was taken after critical analysis of the business with consistent feedback from the employees. After changing the marketing strategies, the company’s sales boosted rapidly due to which another location was added within a year. To eliminate any mistake from the senior management, the launching of second takeaway store was done under the guidance of external consultancy which was hired to set the basic operational policies and processes. The hiring of external consultancy was aimed to assure the senior management regarding the structured and transparent work culture in the company. With continuous improvement in terms of sales and stability, the company launched its first restaurant based on the management techniques; risk management, quality management, capacity planning etc. This report would provide extensive knowledge regarding the different operational mana gement concepts applied by the company and the challenges

Social Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 2

Social Computing - Essay Example Directing the customers from these pages to the actual scholarly articles. This will increase the readership of the ‘Educated People Society’ website. It will help them gain various sponsors to run the website and fund actions related to environmental activities and scientific research. Checking the level of awareness created through the social media tools by conducting a questionnaire survey among them and involving in the qualifying youngsters in projects related to their interests. Creating an environmental awareness is the main objective. Be it a laptop the youngsters use or a leather jacket, they should be educated regarding the way it is created, the core technology and the various political and economical facts associated with it. This knowledge is important to make them valuable citizens in future. A youngster who changes his mobile once in year will stick to one smart phone for years if they realize how much e-waste they are creating. A person who knows how the plastic covers thrown around affects the environment will never use them again. Providing such information in an interesting format is the main objective of the social media tools used. The aim of the social media campaign is to advertise about the same by entering their territory. It is hard to make youngsters visit a science related site or lecture them about environment. But, taking the site to tools like Blogger and Twitter where they use will make them peek at it automatically. The blog and Twitter page explains about the animals and the photography site in Nat Geo. The technology blog related dwells with various subjects shown as documentaries in NatGeo, WWF and Green Peace websites. So youngsters with diverse interests will be directed towards these sites from their favourite pastime areas in the internet. The info presented will be mostly in the format of quizzes, puzzles and

Sustainability Benefits of Urban Density

Sustainability Benefits of Urban Density Shreysha Shreysha (Student ID- 4561552) Project Charter The Vision for Melbourne 2026 Project title: Capture the sustainability benefits of urban density Project description Designing more energy efficient cities is a praiseworthy goal in order to obtain sustainable development. Melbourne is developing as a compact densely populated place to live, learn and work. It has one of the largest urban foot prints and a trend of increasing population in CBD due to job opportunities and facilities that holds number of benefits that can help create a sustainable city moving one step further towards better future. The idea of the project is to utilize the forces generated by urban population into the electrical energy that can be brought into use for different purposes. Purpose and justification The main purpose is to take a full benefit of daily activities of Melbournians and channeling these forces into production of electricity. Utilization of increasing urban density to reduce energy consumption will lead Melbourne towards sustainable future. Melbournes CBD is set to become the largest business center with increasing number of people traveling daily towards the city for jobs. There are many sustainable techniques that contributes in lowering the energy consumption. So, use of floor tiles that convert the kinetic force from a footstep to light up the city is one of them. Installation of such tiles in the main city core where attraction of crowd is more likely can be beneficial. Same ideas can be incorporated in the playgrounds and park where children play. West free gateway is the busiest urban freeway in Melbourne where around 200,000 vehicles passes each day. Installation of specially designed slabs with energy capture device under West gate bridge that converts the vehicle force into electricity to light up the road will reduce dependency on the electrical grids. Melbourne has a booming economy and population that loves being physically fit. The trend and need of leading a healthy life style influenced huge numbers of Melbournians to join fitness center. So, it is of no surprise that there are numbers of gymnasium in Melbourne. Even though the conversion of moving wheels of exercise bikes to energy couldnt be justified in the past due to its high costing. Mass production of such motors and increase in demand may result in the price reduction and may change the scenario in a coming decade. Objective Laying the ground work for creating Melbourne citys sustainable energy future Implementing daily activities to convert kinetic force into electricity To reduce the load of electricity on distribution companies To feed the grids with electrical system rather than depending on it Reduction of energy bill To encourage the mass production of energy capturing devices making it affordable for the consumers. Success Criteria Prioritizing sustainability goals towards area where you can make the most meaningful impact and generate the biggest results. .The accumulated electrical energy can be used to power the services within the same building, area or routed to a new location. Cost effectiveness of the energy capturing devices Switching to energy efficient lighting levels in accordance with your production schedule will reduce long term electrical costs. Highlighting project initiatives to the public will help to attract a whole base of customers, resulting in increase in sales. Innovation of new technology that holds benefits for the community Assumptions and Constraints Assumption: Installation costs are high but considering the long run benefit the project becomes feasible. Reduction on the price of devices will attract more eyes towards this technique resulting in the success of the project Similar techniques to be adopted for other activities in future. Constraints: If the installation cost for the motor/generator (energy capturing devices) that is used in the exercise bike doesnt descend, energy output from this technology will have to wait a decade to recover the money that has been invested. Initiation of the project is possible only if the sponsors agree to invest. Lack of support from the community High level Project description A sustainable solution has always been a topic of interest and has been given priority because of its positive and healthy results. Therefore, proper study and justification of the project is to be submitted in order to collect funds form the sponsors (Victorian Government, private organizations) High level risks Energy output from the motor(devices) will have to wait a decade to regain the money invested on this technology if the installation cost for motors/generators in the exercise bikes doesnt descends. Will have to face a huge loss if the people does not support the idea of this technique. Summary milestone A greener city that lights up with the energy created by its urban residents. Over a decade or so, we might dream of a city that feeds the grid rather than depending on it leading the city to better and brighter future. Deliverables The main deliverables of this project are the installation of motors and generator of electricity which gets charged by the human and vehicular force in the area with maximum occupancy of people and vehicles. The main target area for this project would be the main CBD of Melbourne, Playgrounds, West gate bridge and fitness centers in Melbourne. Summary budget Sustainability fund distribution by the Victorian government can be one of the option for collecting budget for the project. The government is investing funds in sustainability projects to improve resource efficiency in Victorian community. So, this would be the opportunity to introduce strategic initiatives to receive investment through funds distributed by the government. Stakeholder list Electricity distribution companies Government of Victoria Residents of Melbourne Fitness centers Department of transport and main roads (Victoria) West gate freeway West gate bridge Sponsors Approval requirements Approval from the Victorian government Approval from the sponsors To be further investigated PM authority on staffing, technical, decision, conflict, resolution, budget management To be investigated Sponsor Victorian government Private organizations To be further investigated

Intercultural Communications Essay

* This chapter offers six reasons or imperatives for studying intercultural communications * Economics * The workplace * Businesses must be more attentive to diversity issues * As the workforce becomes more diverse, their will be more problems * Benefits * Speaking different languages * Seeing new business markets * Marketing products to different cultures * Learn about different cultures * Global economy * Globalization * Bring money to the poor areas by opening up businesses * Wal-mart, they open one in china, but takes away jobs from Americans * Mom and pop stores out of business * Pollution in other countries because they don’t have regulations * To bridge the cultural gap, many companies employ cross-cultural trainers who assist people abroad by giving them information and strategies from dealing with cultural differences * American’s tend to say that they are the best and won’t open up * Technology * GLOBAL VILLAGE to discribe a world in which communication technology (tv, radeo, news services) brings new and information to the most remote parts of the world * Today people are connected via e-mail, instant message, bulletin boards, and the internet to people they have never met face-to-face. * Complex relationships can develop through technology * Technology and Human Communication * Kenneth gergen describes the changes that occur as technology alters patterns of communication * Relationships were described on how far a person could walk * What does it have to do with intercultural communication * Easier to talk to people * Faster * Convenient * Too reliable, forget your phone at home and you get anxiety * Effects face-to-face communication * Limits what you are trying to say * Miscommunication, taking a text the wrong way * DIGITAL DIVIDE exists between those who have access to technologies like the internet and those who do not * Older Americans, those with low incomes and less education, and people with physical disabilities lag behind. * 22% of Americans have never been online and are categories as the â€Å"truly disconnected† * Demographics * Changes come from two sources, either changing demographics within the United States or changing immigration patterns * Changing us demographics * DEMOGRAPHICS refers to the general characteristics of a given population * Population will change drastically by 2050 * Changing immigration patterns * There is a contradiction when discussing immigration in the United States * â€Å"nation of immigrants† * patters of immigration are having a significant effect on the social landscape of the United States * these demographic changes present many opportunities and challenges for students of intercultural communication and for society * Learn about other cultures * Meet men and women from around the world * Tolerance of other cultures * Miscommunication * Different work habits * Intercultural conflict is not necessarily a consequence of diversity * Expands our linguistics, politics, etc. * Historical overview: we have to look at the history of immigrants in the u.s. to get a better sense of the sociocultureal situation * MELTING POT- the cultures all get together and melt together and make one cultur e * College classroom * SALAD BOWL- when cultures are distinctly different * My big fat Greek wedding * Economic conditions affect attitudes toward foreign workers and immigration policies * They sent all of the Americans back to free up jobs for White Americans * 10 years later they told them all to come back for cheap labor and they can be in the country * The current situation * Always going to have conflict and diversities * â€Å"Crash† the movie shows all the diversities between cultures in LA * Class structure * Usually the one they are born into * Economic disparity among these groups * Peace * The key issue is whether or not individuals of different sexes, ages, ethnicities, races, languages, and cultural backgrounds coexist on the planet * Not realistic because we are not all on the same page * Contact among different cultural groups often leads to disharmony * Conflict is also tied to economic disparities and economic colonialism * Some are extremely poor, and don’t have natural resources * Going somewhere and nobody likes American’s * Media influences us a lot and they don’t like that * It will be naà ¯ve to assume that knowing intercultural communications would end the wars * Self-awareness * One of the most important (but less obvious) reasons for studying intercultural communication is to gain an awareness of one’s own cultural identity and background * Peter Adler observes that the study of intercultural communication begins as a journey into another * If you are white and middle class, intercultural learning may mean an enhancing awareness of your privilege * Ethics * Ethics are the principles of conduct which help to govern the behavior of individuals and groups * Ethical judgments and cultural values: * Ethical judgments focus more on the degrees of rightness and wrongness in human behavior than do cultural values * Cultural values tell us what is â€Å"good† and what â€Å"ought† to be. * â€Å"killing for the name of god† * Universally ethical * This book stresses the relativity of cultural * According to the UNIVERSALIST position, we need to identify those rules that apply across cultures * By contrast, the RELATIVIST position holds that any cultural behavior can be judged only within the cultural context in which it occurs. This means that only community can truly judge the ethics of its member

Taking DécorFurniture.com to the Next Level of E-Commerce

DecorFurniture. com will utilize an off the shelf CRM application in lieu of an ERP system. Customer Relationship Management applications will enhance the marketing, sales, and customer service aspect of DecorFurniture. com by handling the data about the company’s old and future customers. The CRM application will manage the call center function to be added to the company. This will help in reaching the goal of improving the company’s relationship with its customers.Proper training will be given to the agents, briefing them on the CRM application’s goal of improving relationships in order to ensure that the cost of the program will not have to balloon out of proportion before showing results. Business Processes Business Process Improvement is an essential part of Decor Furniture. There are numerous of individuals surfing the internet in this world of fast-paced technology. There is a need for Decor Furniture to keep up with the demands of these individuals, poten tial customers and old patrons. There is a need, therefore, for flexibility in changing the status quo of the e-business.Web design, marketing strategies, web services used, and other applications integrated in the company’s trade must be constantly reviewed for effectiveness in the business’ growth. The online community is a fast-changing thing and Decor Furniture must constantly keep up through the upgrading of software and mechanisms. Business processes constantly monitor workflows or the way the business’ transactions flow from the start to the end. XML will be used for the company’s site. This will help in keeping the web site flexible to change given the simplicity and universality of the code.It will be used as the language to connect the workflow processes involved. The use of Wf-XML will reduce integration costs. It will also be easier to â€Å"operate† as it can be handled by anyone who is XML literate. Decor Furniture will also make use of a language translating web service in order to provide its services in different languages online. This will help in the goal of reaching more individuals with the products it offers. Business Intelligence Planning and Funding As a start-up e-business stemming from an offline company with a small target of customers, Decor Furniture will not yet employ the use of business intelligence.However, it will target the integration of a business intelligence application when the company grows and its customers and sales increase. Waiting and not implementing a business intelligence application immediately will also give ample time for planning the program. Once the business has taken off and funds have increased through the company’s profits and through outside investors attracted through the company’s highly competent marketing strategies, business intelligence will be integrated.Because business intelligence will only be applied once the company is bigger and funds are en ough to sustain the program, OLAP will be an option for Decor Furniture. This is because OLAP is multidimensional and will give a wider array of choices with regard to the tasks that need to be accomplished by the system. Data mining will not be used because some studies have shown that such procedures, such as the Market Basket Analysis, are not effective. Customers may buy a certain product for different reasons not simply because of certain aspects of their identity available in the data to be mined.Assessing Decor Furniture as a Small Business Before the advent of the internet, furniture was viewed in a company’s showroom, ordered, and only then delivered to the customer’s residence or office. This process can be cut short, however, by allowing DecorFurniture. com to go online. The strategy to be applied will involve the creation of a company website which will not only serve as a brochure for the different products but which will also integrate a purchasing featur e where customers can order their products and pay via PayPal or other such B2C systems.This allows the company to reach more individuals than it usually would. Even individuals not living near Decor Furniture’s main stores would be able to view and opt to buy their products. Marketing Included in the strategy planning for Decor Furniture is its aspect as an online market. As stated above, Decor Furniture will be placed on the online market because this broadens its pool of customers. Marketing will include the use of online ads, electronically mailing potential customers, and having different kinds of advertising multimedia, such as commercials on YouTube for the promotion of the products.The company’s site will be made sure to have an attractive and welcoming template. Navigation around the site will be made easier with a site map and promos will be placed on the home page to attract the potential customers to continue on to the viewing of the products. Marketing pro grams will be outsourced. This is to reduce costs, via cheaper labor in the outsourcing companies, and to ensure that the newly started online market of Decor Furniture will be marketed expertly even from the start. Outsourcing may be stopped in the future once the company has gained ground on the World Wide Web. Legal Matters – Privacy, IPR and TaxAlong with the uncharted land of the web, many companies starting an e-business are unsure of the boundaries of their legal rights. Many customers are also afraid of violation of their own rights in purchasing over the internet. Privacy and stealing identity information keep customers on their guard. This will be avoided by including privacy policies or agreement terms on the site as well as by clear explanation of why certain information is being asked of the client. Proper paper work will be filed in the local government to ensure that taxation of the transactions done on the DecorFurniture. com site will be assured.This will ens ure that the e-business’ dealings are legal and accounted for. This is probably the most essential legal aspect the company faces because its main purpose for going online is to be able to establish more customers through an online market. The domain name, company logo and tag lines will be copyrighted as well to protect the company from imitations and posers. Management Issues An important management trend that is good to keep in mind when dealing with online business is outsourcing. Running an e-business entails paying attention to numerous details that aren’t part of what your business is really about.Advertisements, creation of web designs, writing of the site’s content are all things that will be outsource in DecorFurniture. com. Going online has given Decor Furniture access to the entire world as a pool for potential customers. Through international shipping, global service will be offered. Shipping insurance as well as local tax in the customer’s c ountry will not be part of the services available to the international customers. This will extend the possibilities for DecorFurniture. com and will take full advantage of its choice to go online.Conclusion Decor Furniture can maximize its online presence through the use of the various resources it can find available on the internet. Developing a strong presence online is essential in order to attract new customers and to spread the company’s name. Creating an impressive web site and coupling this with effective marketing strategies will help Decor Furniture become a household name when it comes to online purchasing. However, in order for the company to best have its customers keep coming back, it has to establish a good relationship with the.This can be established through CRM applications that will be integrated into the company. Eventual use of business intelligence applications, which will be capable of analyzing sales data, will also assist the company in getting to kno w better the customers and target audience for sales. Decor Furniture has a bright future ahead on the World Wide Web. Unlike many dot com businesses, it has a very good chance at becoming a stable success online. Through careful planning of business strategies and implementation of the same, this e-business will be booming in no time.There are many features of e-business that put it above offline businesses. Numerous aids and options are available to the online company and it can more easily reach a larger audience of individuals. However, there must be proper planning, implementation of these plans, and use of e-business strategies in order for success to be attained. Reference Vindevogel, B. , Van den Poel, Dirk, and Wets, Geert. â€Å"Why promotion strategies based on market basket analysis don’t work. † Expert Systems with Applications, 28 (1991): 583-590.

Free Essays on Western Imperialism

Western Imperialism Western Imperialism had a tremendous impact on the continent of Africa. This nineteenth century imperialism often referred to as the â€Å"scramble for Africa† was the second phase of exploitation in Africa, enacted by Europeans. In the late nineteenth century European powers had carved and colonized almost every country in Africa besides Ethiopia and Liberia. Imperialism subjugated African resources to every extent. The main impact that imperialism had on the continent of Africa was felt by the native people. Europeans took advantage of the African’s labor and created an industry of atrocious working conditions, soaring taxes and violated humanitarian rights. Thereafter there was the intrusion of English law and language in Africa, upsetting African societies. The natives not only had to struggle to preserve their beliefs and languages, their land was also in jeopardy. European settlers were gradually seizing the land of the natives. These land conflicts often led to the violent rebellions of native tribes with European settlers; however these wars were often unsuccessful. The recruitment of soldiers for European wars was targeted toward natives; this was an enormous impact on Africa. European recruitment often came in the form of slave raiding; this system snatched men away from their families all over the continent Africa. Blacks served as soldiers of wars and large numbers of the m died in wars that existed between Europeans such as the Dutch and the British, although the conflicts existed between whites. The main resources that the Europeans sought after were gold, ivory, diamonds, rubber and palm oil. Palm oil was used for European textiles, guns and manufactured goods. Gold and ivory and other metals were traded and brought great prosperity to West African nations. Native Africans were often disregarded, especially when conferences were held that decided land and resources which, natives were n... Free Essays on Western Imperialism Free Essays on Western Imperialism Western Imperialism Western Imperialism had a tremendous impact on the continent of Africa. This nineteenth century imperialism often referred to as the â€Å"scramble for Africa† was the second phase of exploitation in Africa, enacted by Europeans. In the late nineteenth century European powers had carved and colonized almost every country in Africa besides Ethiopia and Liberia. Imperialism subjugated African resources to every extent. The main impact that imperialism had on the continent of Africa was felt by the native people. Europeans took advantage of the African’s labor and created an industry of atrocious working conditions, soaring taxes and violated humanitarian rights. Thereafter there was the intrusion of English law and language in Africa, upsetting African societies. The natives not only had to struggle to preserve their beliefs and languages, their land was also in jeopardy. European settlers were gradually seizing the land of the natives. These land conflicts often led to the violent rebellions of native tribes with European settlers; however these wars were often unsuccessful. The recruitment of soldiers for European wars was targeted toward natives; this was an enormous impact on Africa. European recruitment often came in the form of slave raiding; this system snatched men away from their families all over the continent Africa. Blacks served as soldiers of wars and large numbers of the m died in wars that existed between Europeans such as the Dutch and the British, although the conflicts existed between whites. The main resources that the Europeans sought after were gold, ivory, diamonds, rubber and palm oil. Palm oil was used for European textiles, guns and manufactured goods. Gold and ivory and other metals were traded and brought great prosperity to West African nations. Native Africans were often disregarded, especially when conferences were held that decided land and resources which, natives were n...

September Writing Prompts for Grade School Students

September Writing Prompts for Grade School Students September is a great month for teachers and students to start the habit of daily writing. Writing every day, even for a short time, can set the foundations for great achievements during the year ahead. These prompts have been chosen to highlight key holidays and commemorations during September and are great for daily warm-ups or journal entries. Month of September: Better Breakfast MonthClassical Music MonthNational School Success MonthRead-a-New-Book Month Writing Prompt Ideas for September September 1st  Theme: Nursery RhymesThe childhood rhyme  Mary Had a Little Lamb  (1830) is based on an incident in the life of  Mary  Sawyer of Sterling, Massachusetts. when her lamb followed her to school one day.What was your favorite nursery rhyme as a child? Why do you think you liked it so much?September 2nd Theme: Better Breakfast MonthWhat is your idea of a wonderful breakfast? Describe exactly what youd serve.September 3rd  Theme: Labor DayThe  first Monday in September is set aside as an annual national tribute to the contributions workers have made to the strength, prosperity, and well-being of our country. According to the United States Department of Labor website, Labor Day is a creation of the labor movement and is dedicated to the social and economic achievements of American workers.How does your family celebrate Labor Day weekend?September 4th  Theme: Classical Music MonthHave you ever listened to classical music? What is your feeling about it? Why do y ou feel that way?September 5th  Theme: Pizza (National Cheese Pizza Day)Describe your perfect pizza. Include details about the crust, sauce, and toppings. September 6th Theme: Read a Book DayThere are studies that show the positive effects of reading on social well-being. Reading fiction improves a readers ability to understand other peoples beliefs, desires, and thoughts that are different from their own.Do you like to read? If so, what type of things do you like to read: books, magazines, websites, etc. If not, why dont you like to read?September 7th  Theme: Neither Rain Nor Snow DayThe unofficial creed of the United States Postal Service is embodied in this quote found on the James Farley Post Office in New York City:Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds.Describe the difficulties that you that mail carriers might face on any given day? Do you think this is a hard job? Would you want to be a mail carrier?September 8th Theme: Anniversary of the Day Ford Pardoned NixonOn September 8, 1974, President Gerald Ford pardoned Richard Nixon of any wrongdoin g associated with Watergate. Why do you think Ford pardoned him? Do you think he should have? Why or why not? September 9th  Theme: Grandparents DayWhat are three qualities that you think make an excellent grandparent? Why do you think they need these qualities.September 10th Theme: T.V. Dinner DayDo you think that it is important for families to eat dinner together at least a few times a week? Why or why not?September 11th Theme: 9-11 World Trade Center Remembrance DayYou can have students listen to former Poet Laureate Billy Collins read his poem The Names.Write a poem or piece of prose commemorating those who died on the 9/11 attacks.September 12th Theme: National Day of EncouragementWhich person do you feel has inspired and encouraged you the most in your life? Explain your answer.September 13th Theme: Scooby Doos BirthdayIf you were in a Scooby-Doo episode, who would you like to be paired up with as you hunt for ghosts: Scooby and Shaggy, Fred, Velma, or Daphne? Why?September 14th Theme: Pet Memorial DayDescribe your favorite pet, living or dead. If you have never had a pet, explain w hat type of pet youd like to have and what you would name it. September 15th Theme: National School Success MonthWhat do you think you can do to become more successful in your classes at school? Explain your answer.September 16th Theme: Mayflower DayPretend you were on the Mayflower on that first voyage to settle in America. Describe your feelings upon leaving England and then seeing your new home.September 17th Theme: Constitution DayResources on The Constitution Center website: Explore the best, nonpartisan, interactive Constitution on the web, featuring materials written by the top constitutional scholars from across the political spectrum.Journal topic: If you could only keep one of the following rights, which would it be? Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Religion, Freedom of Assembly, Freedom of the Press. Explain your answerSeptember 18th Theme: Childhood (National Play-Doh Day)Do you miss elementary school? Why or why not?September 19th Theme: Talk Like a Pirate DayWrite a poem or a paragraph as if you were a pirate describing all the treas ure youve plundered. Make sure to write like a pirate. September 20th Theme: Chicken Dance DayToday is Chicken Dance Day. Why do you think that many adults enjoy dances like the Chicken Dance and the Hokey Pokey? Do you enjoy them? Why or why not?September 21st  Theme: World Gratitude DayName five things that you are grateful for. Explain why you are grateful for each.September 22nd Theme: Dear Diary DayCreate a diary entry about a special day. This can be a real day in your own life or a fictional diary entry. Make sure to start with Dear Diary.September 23rd Theme: Checkers DayYouve been asked to play either checkers or chess. Which would you pick and why?September 24 Theme: National Punctuation DayWhich punctuation mark do you have the most problem using correctly? You can choose from the period, comma, colon, or semicolon.September 25th Theme: National Comic Book DayThe comic book market in  North America has reached as high as  $1 billion  annually.Do you read comic books? Why or why not?September 26th Theme: Banned BooksBan ned Books Week is an annual event first launched in 1982 that celebrates the freedom to read. According to the  Banned Books Week website:This is an effort to bring together the entire book community - librarians, booksellers, publishers, journalists, teachers, and readers of all types - in shared support of the freedom to seek and to express ideas, even those some consider unorthodox or unpopular.Do you think that school libraries should ban certain books? Support your opinion. September 27th Theme: Ancestor Appreciation DayWrite about your favorite ancestor. If you dont know if your ancestor or dont have a favorite one, tell which favorite person you wish was your ancestor. Explain your reasons for picking this person.September 28th Theme: Good Neighbor DayIn the poem Mending Wall by Robert Frost, the neighbor states Good fences make good neighbors. Explain what you think that statement means.September 29th Theme: Coffee DayAre you a fan of coffee? If so, why do you like it? What way do you like to drink it? If not, why not?September 30th Theme: Chewing Gum DayTake a stand either for or against chewing gum. Write three arguments to support your opinion.

Revenue Management in Restaurants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Revenue Management in Restaurants - Essay Example By calculating factors such as length-of-stay, accessibility and overbooking, revenue management practices can add to revenue, efficiency and property valuation for hotels by growing length of stay and check supply and demand to influence offered rates (Andersen, P. and Bowe, V. 2000). Nowadays McDonald's operates in the global quick service restaurant manufacturing trade. McDonald's was the lead the way of this trade and it was McDonald's which made the quick service restaurant commerce a worldwide industry by creating a enormous global profitable empire. At present McDonald's ranks 114th in the list of luck 500 companies and thanks to its ground-breaking dispensation and standardized approach to the profitable production of fast food, McDonald's has placed the quick service restaurant business between the big financial driving force industries such as steel and vehicle. According to the expert analysis Raymond Kroc the founder of McDonald's had the dream of a sequence of fast food restaurants in each American State and in the earth as well. No doubt, he wanted his fast food restaurants to serve excellence food according to permanent standards and requirement. When Kroc ongoing business in 1955 there were other well recognized fast food chains in United States, in the middle of the most extensively known were A&W, Dairy Queen, Tastee -Freez, and Big Boy, Burger King then recognized as InstaBurger King was just preliminary out. There were lots of things which alienated McDonald's from its rivals. No doubt, Raymond Kroc's goal was to make world wide fast food chain while the rest of the main fast food chains were not so excited about growth. Other fast food chains which function on a franchise basis viewed their operators as customers and only reaped benefits without providing much leadership relating to operation, endorsement, sales strategy, financi ng and food dispensation. Raymond Kroc comprehensive his hands to operators of permission McDonald's restaurants by extravagance them like do business partners in each respect of the business. These close associations with operators make sure that McDonald's restaurants in any State in the United States would dish up food according to fixed requirement and amount. Furthermore, Raymond Kroc did more than by just give recommendation regarding procedure management him allowable his operators to work out their innovative skills connecting to every feature of the franchise trade. McDonald's had set new principles for the fast food manufacturing by selling a recognized service not just original food recipes and formulas. (Greatest Business Stories of All Times) Revenue Management in Restaurants According to the expert analysis the nature of the restaurant industry, typify by many self-governing minute businesses as well as a few nationwide and international enterprises in a usually competitive environment, makes the application of revenue management, on the whole, additional problematical than in the airline and hotel sectors. Additional, adjusting the excellence of the product, and hence price levels, is much easier than for airlines and hotels. Against that, the vast preponderance of restaurants

Asymmetric or symmetric security key Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Asymmetric or symmetric security key - Case Study Example In this scenario, both the sender and receiver decide for the shared key before sending/receiving the data and then they can start encrypting and decrypting data between them by making use of that key. Some of the well known examples of symmetric key encryption comprise TripleDES (Data Encryption Standard) and AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) (Stretch, 2010; Ezeobika, 2010). Fig1 demonstrates the process of Symmetric key encryption: In addition, DES, 3DES, AES, and RC4 are some of the well known examples of symmetric encryption algorithm. In this scenario, 3DES and AES are widely utilized in IPsec and other types of VPNs (Stretch, 2010; KetuWare, 2004). Asymmetric encryption is also referred as public-key cryptography. As compared to the symmetric encryption method in asymmetric encryption two keys are used: one for encryption and another for decryption. Basically, this encryption technique uses two keys for the data encryption: a public key and a private key. In this scenario, the public key is made available for all so it can be used to encrypt data and information by anyone who wants to send a message to the person who has the key. However, the private key is not disclosed to anyone and is employed to decrypt received data. Most commonly seen example of asymmetric key encryption is RSA (Stretch, 2010; Ezeobika, 2010). Fig2 demonstrates the process of Symmetric key encryption: Excellent Support for Message Authentication: In view of the fact that the asymmetric encryption technique supports the digital signatures which allows the data receiver/sender to authenticate that the data is actually received from a specific sender. Integrity of data: As discussed above, the use of digital signatures also ensures the integrity of data. In addition, this technique allows the receiver to become aware of if the data was modified during transmission because a digitally signed data cannot be altered without invalidating the

Madonna and child Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Madonna and child - Research Paper Example hild Jesus – the main characters in â€Å"Madonna and Child.† Except for Jesus, son of God the Father by Christian faith, there are no other gods and goddesses in the image. The scenery of Madonna, which translates to ‘Our Lady’, and her Christ Child provides relation to Catholic worship of Mary as a Virgin Mother or a woman handpicked by the Divine to conceive for a Holy Child, out of purity. Each of the persons in this biblical theme of Duccio’s work – identified as Mary and Jesus, are dressed in what appears to be a black silken garment and a customary tunic in peach and brown, respectively. Mary and Jesus are in a position where Mary, looking out as though to make contact with audience’s point of sight in calm sacred radiance, holds Jesus close to her bosom while Jesus warmly and innocently gazes at her with an iconic holy sign in the fingers of his right hand. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. â€Å"Madonna and Child – Duccio di Buoninsegna.† The Collection Online. 2000 – 2014. Web. 10 Nov 2014.

John Locke Essay Essay Example for Free

John Locke Essay Essay Our Earth has been the home to a multitude of great thinkers. These thinkers were scattered throughout the generations from the Romans all the way to the 20th century; however, the time period with the most philosophers was the Enlightenment Age. During this time there were many thinkers such as Voltaire and Thomas Hobbes. One thinker in particular who contributed a great deal to history was John Locke. His work is still influencing the lives of people across the world 300 years later. He rethought the moral role of government, created a new theory of knowledge, introduced the use of reason, and reminded people of their natural rights. The combination of these four things made him the single most influential philosopher during the Enlightenment Age, and even in history. During the 1600s-1700s, John Locke lived on this earth, observing how society functioned. He saw thinks very differently than the average person. Unlike many others, he used logic and reason in order to see the flaws of government. The government at the time was incredibly corrupt and unfair to the people. Taxes made the lives of 98% of the population miserable and insufferable. Locke could even be considered a humanist for his actions. He felt the people deserved a fair government that served them as appose to the people serving the government. According to Locke, â€Å"political power is the natural power of each man collectively given up into the hands of a designated body†1. In a more general sense, he created the social contract. Most people recognize this theory as the social contract because it is an agreement between government and its people. All people are born with their natural rights. The idea of the social contract is a community surrenders some degree of its natural rights in favor of government, which is better able to protect those rights than any man could alone. Protection is one of the greatest services any government can provide. People will enjoy living under a certain ruler if he or she can keep them safe. The quality of life is generally much higher when there is no constant fear of attack from a neighbor. The idea of the government providing protection had been around before, but Locke included the idea that government exists solely for the well being of the community. He stressed to the people that any government that breaks the contract can and should be replaced. Gradually, people began to process this idea and realized that Locke was right. They were the ones that should have the power, not the government. The people were unhappy with the way they were being treated, but they did not know what to do about it so they continued suffering. Locke gave them an instruction manual by saying, â€Å"the community has a moral obligation to revolt against or otherwise replace any government that forgets that it exists only for the people’s benefit†2. This struck true to many people because they were unhappy. It also gave reason for the government to be reasonable and not do anything outrageous. More power was given to the people and the days of absolute rule would no longer exist. One of Locke’s other contributions that was considered revolutionary was creating a new way theory of knowledge. Locke believed that knowledge was only gained through worldliness. He told people that experiences caused them to learn. One famous this he argued is that, â€Å"at birth the mind is a tabula rasa†3. Tabula rasa translates to â€Å"clean slate†. Essentially, everyone is born without knowledge and over time they become wiser and smarter. This was revolutionary because previously no one had every stopped to think about how knowledge was gained other than schooling. Locke was the first to think that people were born without any knowledge. He emphasized the five senses as well. Humans fill their clean slate with ideas and experience in the world through their five senses. There are many varying definitions of knowledge, but John Locke is the most accurate. Locke defines knowledge as â€Å"the connection and agreement, or disagreement and repugnancy, of the ideas humans form†4. Since our knowledge is derived from our experiences, it means our knowledge is limited. Not everyone can know everything since not one single person can experience everything this earth has to offer in one lifetime. This also means that everyone’s knowledge varies and no two people have the same exact knowledge since everyone’s experiences are different. Locke also notes that there is a great deal of unknown on this world and there always will be. This observation still is true today because there is a great deal of uncertainty in today’s society. He is also still influential because he taught us to question those uncertain areas. As a continuation, he agrees that there are certain things that we are certain of. One example that Locke uses is the certainty of our own existence and the existence of God even tough we may not fully comprehend who or what he was5. Another very complex theory that he had relating to the idea of knowledge was our ideas are related to reality. He said that, â€Å"our ideas correspond to external realities because the mind cannot invent such things without experience†6. The idea of knowledge was vague but Locke defined it in a very detailed and simple way for the average person to comprehend. This idea that our ideas are relates to reality because our mind cannot invent things without experience caused people a greater understanding of how their mind worked and encouraged them to experience more in their lives. John Locke is known for many contributions to society but one of his most influential was his inception of reason. He thought that every person had a purpose in life and that was to find truth. In believing this he encouraged people that God gave us our capacity for reason to aid us in the search for truth. Since Lock believed in a clean mind at birth, he also believed that people were born innocent. Innocence in his mind is eventually inevitably lost trough experience. That innocence disappears and creates knowledge. Locke wanted people to understand and think for themselves rather than follow their leaders blindly. He also considered truthful that, â€Å"each person has a duty to preserve other people as well as himself †¦ recognizing the responsibility to preserve the rights of all humankind naturally leads to tolerance†7. This idea directly leads to his idea of separation of church and state. To him, government had absolutely no right to impose itself people. The fact of the matter was that the government and state were one body. This gave them significant power to do anything they pleased. Locke was one of the very first to question governments over oppression. All men control their bodies and their minds so no other individual should try and control it. Also how â€Å"men naturally exist in a state of nature and so he needs to answer only to the laws of nature†8. The majority of leaders at the time were extremely unhappy with how Locke was influencing the general public. Ironically, now many leaders such as the president of the United States follow many of his beliefs. Locke also influenced the American Constitution when his ideas reached over seas. Early Americans saw the power of his theories such as the social contract and more importantly using reason. People wanted to be granted the same friends and eventually received them. Henry Ford once said, â€Å"thinking is the hardest work there is and that is why so few engage in it†. This quote is why John Locke is the greatest thinker and philosopher of all time. He devoted his life to changing not only the way people thought, but how they viewed life forever. No man has had a greater impact that him. Locke rethought the moral role of government, created a new way theory of knowledge, introduced the use of reason, and reminded people of their natural rights. The combination of these four things is simply what made him such an indelible man. Sources 1. Uzgalis, William, Uzgalis,. John Locke. Stanford University. Stanford University, 02 Sept. 2001. Web. 08 Jan. 2014. 2. Locke, John. The Second Treatise on Civil Government. Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1986. Print. 3. Aaron, Richard I. John Locke. Oxford: Clarendon, 1971. Print. 4. Berlin, Isaiah. The Age of Enlightenment. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1979. Print. 5. Locke, John, and John Locke. The Second Treatise of Government; And, A Letter concerning Toleration. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2002. Print.

Life of Martin Luther :: essays research papers

The Life of Martin Luther   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther lived in a period that had a wide spread desire for reformation of the Christan Churhc and played the role in the development of Protestantism. Luther was born at Eislebenin Saxony. Since his father was a miner, it was a great distress on him to send Martin to school and then to the University of Erfurt. That is where he earned his master’s degree at the young age of twenty-one(Erikson, 39). Although his father wished him to study law, Martin, after being terribly frightened in a thunderstorm, vowed to become a Friar. He entered the monastery of the Augustinian friars at Erfurt and was ordained a priest(Erikson, 167). He eventually earned a doctorate of theology. He grew disburbed by the growing abouve of indulgences. The cetrificate granted by the people in return for the payment of a fee to the church. It stated that the sould of a dead relative or a friend of the purchaser would have his time in purgatory reduced by many year’s or cancelled together. Also the person had to by an indulgence. This would allow them to receive their earthly penance, since no one knows that God’s ultimate punishment will be. The Catholic Church faith now has a doctrine to back the three principles of indulgences(Neil 18) (Underwood 345). the principles of indulgences first one that God mericful, but he also just. Next, Chrust and hte saints, through their inifnite virtue, established a treasury of merits on which the church, through its special relationship with Christ and the saints, can draw. Third, the Church has the authority to grant sinners the spiritual benefits of those meirts(Underwood, 345). Luther idea spread began writing the Ninty-five Theses or arguments against indulgences. That he began posting them on the Wittenberg where he preached. He wanted the public to know that he was debating against important issue. The Theses stated the simple folk believed that when they have bought the indulgence they have secured their salvation. They also, believed that if the money jingles in the box, souls are delievered from pungatory and all the sins will be foreign through a letter of indulgence(Neil, 21). Luther fears that urging people to seek escape from divine punishment through indulgences would lead them away from true sorrow for their sins and into a dangerous sense of false security(Judith,21). Luther defined Protestantism as a theological issues. At first was to salvation. The Catholic called salvation as attained through faith and good works. He said that salvation by the faith.

Responsibilities and Relationships in Education and Training Essay

The Teaching Role and Responsibilities In Education And Training The role of ‘teacher’ is an infinitely varied one, but there certain principles which underpin all aspects of the teaching role. Whether we are attempting to teach from personally acquired experience or knowledge, or from third party information, the process of teaching can be formalized into a structured process with the aim of maximizing the potential for learning. Numerous models exist with the aim of outlining the key stages of this process. For example, Gravells (2010) identifies them as such: Identification of Need →Planning and Design→Delivery/Facilitation→Assessment→Evaluation In order to undertake each of these stages successfully, the role of the teacher becomes multi-faceted. For example, conducting initial interviews with students helps to establish individual aims and identify particular learning styles such as those recognised by Honey & Mumford (1992). This should enable to the teacher to tailor their teaching style and utilize a variety of methods, while also providing an opportunity to set clear goals which can be used as a benchmark when reviewing students’ progress. Accurate documentation of this is essential and forms part of the teachers’ responsibility. Furthermore, whilst undertaking these roles as a teacher, it is vitally important to consider the parameters in which we must operate. These are most likely to be defined by legal requirement – for example the Equality Act (2010) or the policies or the organization for which we may be working. Ultimately, it is down to the individual teacher to ensure their own professional conduct at all times. References: Equality Act (2010). London: HMSO. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents Accessed 25/11/2014. Gravells, A (2010) ‘Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector’. 3rd Ed. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Honey P., Mumford A. (1992) ‘The Manual of Learning Styles’ 3rd Ed. Maidenhead, Peter Honey. Summarise Key Aspects Of Legislation, Regulatory Requirements And Codes Of Practice Relating To Own Role And Responsibilities There are many aspects to consider when discussing the conduct of a teacher and the requirements therein. Some of these are legal frameworks, others are more informal but equally important in terms of setting out guidelines for good practice. All of these requirements, when adhered to, help to ensure that as teachers, we are providing a safe, secure and successful learning environment. As students, they provide reassurance that care will be taken to promote inclusivity, maintain trust and ensure wellbeing. Some Codes of Practice will be designed to suit individual environments and will vary accordingly. Therefore care should be taken to ensure we are familiar with the particular requirements of the company or institution in which we are operating. Other codes are overarching and apply in all circumstances. One of the more recent of these is the ‘Statutory Special Educational Needs and Disability System for Children And Young People’ (SEND) which came into force on 1 September 2014 and explains the duties of schools and colleges to provide adjustments and aids for disabled children and young people up to 25. Legal acts which are underpinned by law are further reaching but equally apply. These include things such as the long standing 1974 Health and Safety  and Work Act, which ensures the â€Å"health, safety and welfare of persons at work† as well as â€Å"protecting others against risks to health or safety in connection with the activities of persons at work†. However, in the constantly shifting legal landscape, we should be mindful of new legislation coming into force. Finally, there are, of course, directives issued by professional bodies such the Institute for Learning which has a Code of Professional Practice (2008) covering 7 key areas: Integrity Respect Care Practice Disclosure Responsibility References: Department for Education (2014). ‘SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years’. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/send-code-of-practice-0-to-25 Accessed 29/11/2014 Institute for Learning (2008). ‘Code of Practice’ Available at: https://www.ifl.ac.uk/membership/ifl-code-of-professional-practice/view-the-code-of-professional-practice/ Accessed 1/12/2014 Explain Why It Is Important To Identify And Meet Individual Learner Needs As we have established previously, the first step in the (Gravells, 2010). Teaching and Learning Cycle is ‘Identifying need’. Without properly ascertaining this, the further steps in the cycle become more difficult to achieve and the chance for success is significantly diminished. Furthermore, informing learners of objectives creates a level of expectation for learning (Gagne, 1965). In order to avoid this outcome and the negative implications of failing to succeed, we must have a clear approach. Prior to the start of any learning activity, there will, by necessity be a  process which ostensibly is an administrative exercise. However, these interactions provide an excellent opportunity to engage with students in a way which could provide useful information. For example, noting that a student may have difficulty with grammar or spelling when completing a written questionnaire may indicate a greater need for support with literacy. Or, a student struggling to get to grips with viewing digital information such as a Powerpoint or PDF file could highlight a lack of I.T skill. It is important that we use all of these tools at our disposal, as acknowledging a perceived ‘flaw’ in ourselves is not always an easy thing to do. Students may be unwilling because of stigma or embarrassment or simply through an inability to recognize that a problem exists, which is an issue in roughly 30% of adults (Skills for Life Survey, 2011). However, individual needs may not be only be based on academic ability or skillset, there are a multitude of different needs which may exist and it is important to consider a holistic approach. Some students may have no difficulty with course content but may be distracted by other personal problems which affect their ability to learn. These could include financial difficulty, bereavement or an underlying health issue. Ultimately, the importance of identifying and meeting learners’ needs is about providing the best possibility for successful learning through providing support where it is most needed. References: Gagnà ©, R. M. (1965). ‘The conditions of learning and theory of instruction’ (1st ed.) Holt, Rinehart & Winston: New York. Gravells, A (2010) ‘Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector’. 3rd Ed. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Skills for Life Survey (2011). Department for Business, Innovation & Skills. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/2011-skills-for-life-survey Accessed 1/12/14. Explain Ways To Maintain a Safe And Supportive Learning Environment As part of providing students with the best opportunity for success, it is crucial that the learning environment is both safe and supportive. These aspects are intertwined in that their aim is to create an environment where consideration for all matters other than the subject itself can be put aside to concentrate on learning. When operating in any environment, safety is the first issue. A risk assessment should be carried out prior to beginning any teaching session to establish whether hazards exist, and if so what extent they pose a risk (Trades Union Congress, 2008). These factors should also be assessed dynamically and any new or developing threat should be treated as a priority. When working in an environment such as a client office or business premises, safety considerations should include awareness of the existing plan of evacuation in case of fire. Any issues which are identified (such as blocked exits etc) should be bought up with the client in a professional manner. Support for learners may be provided in several ways. On a personal level, it is ensuring inclusivity for all students, treating each individual with respect and tolerance, as well as providing individually tailored help to match the needs identified in the first stage of the Teaching and Learning Cycle (Gravells, 2008). However, support is also provided through recognizing the need to give adequate breaks and availability of resources required to undertake the learning process properly. It is vital that consideration is given to these factors in the planning stage so that support may be implemented pro-actively rather than reactively. References: Trades Union Congress (2008) ‘Risk Assessment’. Precision Printing: London. Available online at: http://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/extras/riskassessment.pdf Accessed 1/12/14 Gravells, A (2010) ‘Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector’. 3rd Ed. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Explain Why It Is Important To Promote Appropriate Behaviour and Respect For Others The importance of appropriate behavior is paramount as it will set the correct tone for a learning environment. Fundamentally, it is about the rights of learners to have access to, attend, and participate in their chosen learning experience regardless of their circumstances. (Equality Act, 2010) The best way to promote this is to set the example as the teacher (School of Educators, 2011). This can be achieved in a variety of ways. Ensuring that the planning of any session has been properly executed will help to demonstrate basic values such as organization, efficiency and punctuality and when delivering a session, using appropriate tone and language will exhibit the kinds of behaviour which we want to see reflected in students. It is also important that we are focused on the task at hand and are not distracted by outside influences. Something as simple as switching off a mobile phone could make all the difference. In that regard, requesting students to put their phones into ‘silent’ mode is something which could help to avoid them becoming distracted but also establishes a basic ground rule while not necessarily conveying the same message as ‘please all turn your phones off’. Where undesirable behaviour occurs, it is important to consider whether addressing it may in fact be more of a disruption than the behaviour itself, however, where it needs to be addressed, this should be done so quickly and professionally. However, it is important to note that students, like teachers should incorporate humour into learning. Using humour in the classroom shows that you are human and consequently encourages students to like and respect you. Being able to laugh at yourself when you make a mistake offers a good counterbalance to the moment when you must be strict and so helps lighten the classroom atmosphere (Cowley, 2007) Treating students as individuals but with equal respect will help to promote the same response from them. Therefore, care should be taken to listen to, appreciate and encourage individual contributions, this is especially true in the case of adult learners who bring their own experiences to the learning setting. References: Cowley, S. (2007) ‘Guerilla Guide to Teaching: The Definitive Resource for New Teachers’ (2nd Ed.) Continuum: London. Equality Act (2010). London: HMSO. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents Accessed 04/12/2014. School of Educators (2011). ‘The Characteristics of a Good Teacher’. Available online at: http://schoolofeducators.com/2011/05/the-characteristics-of-a-good-teacher/ Accessed 4/12/14. Explain How the Teaching Role Involves Working with Other Professionals As a teacher, there will always be a requirement to liaise and work with other professionals, and this is likely to occur in a number of ways. When employed in a teaching role, we act as a representative of the organization which employs us, and we have a responsibility to represent that organization in a professional manner. Equally, when dealing with internal colleagues, whether a manager or a colleague at the same level of seniority, we are dutybound to treat others with respect, politeness and courtesy. Values which all form part of the Institute for Learning ‘Code of Practice’ (2008). Remembering that we have a responsibility to act according to these guidelines can be especially important when faced with other professionals who may be challenging or difficult in their approach. For example, in a  client situation, a Manager who is under pressure is annoyed because some of his staff are being abstracted from their usual duties to undertake training. In this situation, it is feasible that a degree of hostility may be directed toward the trainer. In acknowledging the managers concerns and highlighting the benefit of the training both to the staff and the manager, we may be able to defuse the situation rather than escalate it. Of course, students themselves can be professionals and care must be taken to acknowledge the professional standing of adult learners so that we do not condescend or patronize. However, we also have a responsibility to care for our students and where it is highlighted that a student may have a need or issue which requires third party support, we may need to act as an advocate or intervene to flag potential issues. Legislation such as The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006) make it potentially necessary to liaise with other professional agencies and, depending on the nature of the matter, it may be appropriate to use care or discretion. In all cases, it is appropriate that we remain professional and impartial. References: Institute for Learning (2008). ‘Code of Practice’ Available at: https://www.ifl.ac.uk/membership/ifl-code-of-professional-practice/view-the-code-of-professional-practice/ Accessed 1/12/2014 Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006). London: HMSO. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/47/section/6 Accessed 4/12/14 Explain the Boundaries Between the Teaching Role and Other Professional Roles In dealing with other professional roles, there must come a point at which the boundaries of our own role are recognized to avoid us ‘overstepping the line’. This can apply on either a professional or personal level and works in two ways: our behaviour toward others and their behaviour towards us. The key basis upon which these boundaries must be drawn are ethics. Ethics can be described as ‘The codes of conduct or moral principles recognized in a particular profession, sphere of activity, relationship, or other context or aspect of human life’ (Oxford English Dictionary, 2014) In particular, the teaching profession is deeply implicated in ethical concerns and considerations. (Carr, D. 2000.) Therefore, it is an issue which should be constantly at the forefront of our thinking as teachers and an awareness of ethics helps to define the boundaries between us and other professional roles. Some boundaries are not so much an issue of ethics, however, but more of practicality and there must be limits placed on what we can reasonably be expected to achieve. This could, for example, include something such as a client wishing us to condense a lesson into a shorter time to reduce the impact on their business. Whilst the motivation for this may be understandable, it could also be perceived to undermine the value of the lesson itself, or at the very least will have an effect on the quality of the teaching. Recognising this kind of boundary enables us to ensure the integrity of our aims as teachers. Oxford English Dictionary (2014) Available online at: http://www.oed.com/ Accessed 4/12/14. Carr, D. (2000). ‘Professionalism and ethics in teaching’.London: Routledge Describe Points of Referral To Meet The Individual Needs Of Learners The teacher/student relationship is a unique one and often provides opportunities to unearth or identify needs which have previously been unnoticed. These needs may be specific to helping someone become a more effective learner, (such as possible dyslexia) or could be a wider issue in terms of being affecting the individual students’ life beyond the classroom. These wider-reaching needs could be in any area of a persons’ life and broadly speaking, fall into one of 5 categories as identified by Maslow (1943): Our role in providing support to help a student meet the identified need will depend on the particular need itself. For example, a student who is  apparently lacking in one of the ‘upper needs’ such as self-esteem may benefit from more support, praise and encouragement. Some needs, however, will require external or third party input and this is where we may seek to access a point of referral. It may become clear to us in the process of teaching that a student is suffering a crisis affecting their overall wellbeing: Domestic abuse, homelessness, drug or alcohol misuse etc. In this instance, we can play an important role in referring someone to a service or organization who can provide assistance. So as to be sure that we are not misguided, the student themselves should be engaged initially and when help is offered, it can be simply through providing information, or if consent is given, we may choose to act as an advocate. Maslow, A.H (1943). ‘A Theory of Human Motivation’. Psychological Review (50)p.370-396.