My Philosophy of Nursing Essay

The main purpose of the paper is to express my personal philosophy of nursing. The paper provides an observation of a framework of my personal practice of nursing and the reasons why I choose nursing as a profession. The issue is extremely important to be studied, researched, and analyzed as it represents the theoretical basis of each nurse and highly supports one’s life philosophy and the system of interaction the nurse has with the rest of the society. Special attention is paid to the attitude that nurses have to their patients, family members, other nurses, and health care professionals as this has the major impact on the nursing practice in general. In order to define a personal philosophy of nursing, it is very important to understand the meaning of the term â€Å"philosophy†. As for me, this issue can be perfectly addressed with the definition that presents philosophy as a specific attitude towards life and reality that evolves according to the beliefs of each nur se (Edwards, 1997). This definition is really useful as it gives the freedom to use my own beliefs and experience to talk about this issue. The real nature of nursing is quite diverse, and it has been always a subject for a discussion among professionals trying to define whether nursing is a science or an art. I see that there is a place for both these terms when we talk about real nursing practice (June, 2004). The attitude towards nursing in my personal life has been forming through the years, beginning with my first dreams of becoming a nurse that were motivated with the desire to wear white uniform like people that I saw on television. However, as the time passed, my vision of nursing has gone through serious changes. I understood that nurse is not just a person in a uniform, but a professional who can make differences in a patient’s life. During the period when I was trying to make my final decision about the future professional career, I was lucky to be able to talk to and followed by real professional nurse that was trying to teach me and my family members how to look after my grandmother. This outstanding experience showed me the real meaning of this profession; therefore, I was able to see what I was going to be in future. As it is known, some researchers see nursing as an art. This tendency began with the first comparisons trying to see nursing as an art in metaphorical sense, not in the way we see fine art. These definitions were present in the works of Florence Nightingale in the end of the 19th century, when the  scientists were trying to adhere to nursing quality. The main issue then was the question whether there is a highest and most desirable level of nursing practice (Austgard, 2006). These thoughts and ideas are now developed in the works of Benner as this researcher also evolves the importance of quality level of nursing and caring (Benner, 1984). It is extremely important to pay attention to caring and the level of interactions between professionals and patents, their family members and the other medical workers. My personal way of interacting is based on the personal experience of taking care of my grandmother; therefore, I try to build my attitude to patients on the basis of trust and partnership. I find these aspects extremely important for the successful nursing practice. The same refers to the attitude I have towards my coworkers. As it can be seen, the nursing practice is an extremely complex issue that requires close attention and proper analysis. It is crucial for every professional to develop one’s own philosophy of nursing. This process is long and can take the whole life. It also requires attention to such factor as the character of interacting with the patients, their family members, and coworkers. This issue is so important, because the successful nursing professional can play a decisive role in patients’ life. References Austgard, K. (2006). The aesthetic experience of nursing. Nursing Philosophy, 7(1), 11-19. Benner, P. (1984). From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice (2 ed.). Menlo Park, CA: Addison – Wesley. Edwards, S. D. (1997). What is philosophy of nursing? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25(2), 1089-1093. June, K. F. (2004). Towards a philosophic theory of nursing. Nursing Philosophy, 5(1), 79-83.

Principles of beneficence and non-maleficence Essay

_In order to have a common basis of understanding some words need to be defined:_ _BENEFICENCE:_ _The action of helping others and performing actions that would result in benefit to another person._ _NON-MALEFICENCE:_ _The avoidance of causing harm or evil by doing a certain action or by not doing any action at all._ _PHYSICIAN:_ _is a professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments_. _TORT_ : A civil wrong committed against a person or property, excluding breach of contract. BENEFICENCE AND NON-MALEFICENCE As the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence are closely related, they are discussed together in this section. Beneficence involves balancing the benefits of treatment against the risks and costs involved, whereas non-maleficence means avoiding the causation of harm. As many treatments involve some degree of harm, the principle of non-maleficence would imply that the harm should not be disproportionate to the benefit of the treatment. Respecting the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence may in certain circumstances mean failing to respect a person’s autonomy i.e. respecting their views about a particular treatment. For example, it may be necessary to provide treatment that is not desired in order to prevent the development of a future, more serious health problem. The treatment might be unpleasant, uncomfortable or even painful but this might involve less harm to the patient than would occur, were they not to have it. In cases where the patient lacks legal competence to make a decision, medical staffs are expected to act in the best interests of the patient. In doing  so, they may take into account the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. However, it would be helpful for medical staff in such cases, if the patient lacking capacity had made an advance directive. Nevertheless, as will be seen in the following section on â€Å"the position of advance directives alongside current wishes†, problems may arise when there is a conflict between what a person requested in an advance directive and what in the physician’s view is in their best interests, particularly in cases where it is no longer clear that the person in question would still agree with the decision previously made. Examples of Beneficence: Resuscitating a drowning victim. Providing vaccinations for the general population. Encouraging a person to quit smoking, etc. Examples of Non-maleficence: Stopping a medication that is shown to be harmful. Refusing to provide a treatment that has not been shown to be effective. One of the most common ethical dilemmas arises in the balancing of beneficence and non-maleficence. This balance is the one between the benefits and risks of treatment and plays a role in nearly every medical decision such as whether to order a particular test, medication, procedure, operation or treatment. By providing informed consent, physicians give patients the information necessary to understand the scope and nature of the potential risks and benefits in order to make a decision. Ultimately it is the patient who assigns weight to the risks and benefits. Nonetheless, the potential benefits of any intervention must outweigh the risks in order for the action to be ethical. TORTS Also known as Negligence, the person guilty of committing a tort is called TORTFEASOR. The two types of torts are: _Intentional_: such as ASSAULT (threat or bodily harm to another), BATTERY (An action that causes bodily harm or injury), DEFAMATION OF CHARACTER (An action damaging a person’s reputation by making public statements), FALSE IMPRISONMENT (Intentional and unlawful restraint or confinement of one person by another), FRAUD (Intentional misrepresentation to take advantage of the resources of another person), INVASION OF PRIVACY (An intrusion into a person’s seclusion or private affairs). _Unintentional_: this one is when there is a non intended harm is caused but committed unreasonably or with a disregard for the consequences. There are four elements that make a person eligible for liability. Those elements are known as †THE FOUR D’S OF NEGLIGENCE†, which are: Duty, Derelict, Direct Cause and Damages. A complaint has to include all four elements or the court will not consider the claim. In conclusion, the presence of these two principles is important because, they provide a system of checks and balances for providers and patients in making decisions concerning medical care, and they are necessary to a patient’s autonomy or independence in making his/her own decision.

Assignment Communication Profile

During the course of the day, I spent just as much time listening as I did talking so I guess it is 50/50. I thought before doing this chart that I did not talk much but after I look at it I spend just as much time listing as I do talking. After noticing that most of my day is silent because no one is at home I think I need to find something to do during the day. When it comes to the different types of listing such as comprehensive listening, empathetic listening, critical listening and appreciative listening I noticed I use mostly appreciative listening and empathetic listening.Because I am A stay at home mom about the only conversations I have are with my daughter and her daddy so I spend most of my time soothing them and helping them with there problems and just being there to listen to them. I think I need the most improvement in critical listening because some times I tend to loose the whole idea of the conversations I am in and find my self daydreaming and blocking people out. I think improving on critical listing will help me a lot because not only will I be listing to what people have to say I would actually be paying attrition and understand what they are talking about.I think to improve on this listing skill I will need to get out of the house more often and communicate with different types of people. Over all I think my listing and communications skills could use some work. I think most of my problem is being stuck inside the house except for one day a month when I do errands and shop for food. I think getting out and meeting new people and communicating with friend would help me out a great deal. I think with a few minor adjustment to my normal day to day life will help me in a big way.Now when I go out I will pay more attrition to my communication skills. Because who knows what people think of me when I go out and they try to speak to me and I just smile and shake my head and they can tell I am not listing to what they are saying. Now since I am pa ying more attention to the way I communicate I have practiced it with my family and they told me I was acting different because now I actually take in everything that have to say.I also communicate more with them than I use to and they say I seem like a different person. I enjoy the time I have with my family now and pay more attention to my communication skills. They said before I was like a knot on a log I was always in a daze and never really said anything back to them when they were talking. Now I am on my way to better communication skills not just in my personal life but my social life as well.

Let's Be Lefties for a Day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Let's Be Lefties for a Day - Essay Example What is it like to be a left-hander in a world of right-handers? (I am a right-hander). To explore this, I woke up one morning and posed a restriction on my right hand by enclosing a ping-pong ball in my right hand and tying it up tightly with a sock. I began brushing my teeth. Noticing that the angles of brushing were going awry, my right hand subconsciously tried to assist. No, I told myself and desisted. (After a couple of hours, I could still detect a faint trace of bad odour). Then, bathing was an absolute horror. My sock got wet in a matter of seconds. I had to sign some cheques and write a letter before leaving for office. The result, on paper looked like a child’s scrawl. My daughter tossed me a ball and I ended up overbalancing and falling on the floor, not to mention missing it completely. We also observe people who do not elicit the same treatment meted out to us. For instance, I remember my college days when we had a guy who was good at studies. He would lock himse lf up and stick to academics. He would not join us in sports, dating or drinking. We used to snigger behind his back. He was considered ‘abnormal’. Was it right on our part to label him thus? All of us know the answer. People who do not conform to their peer-set’s so-called norms and practices are often scorned. But the attitude is not right. One cannot expect everyone to fall into the majority.

Economy of Ireland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Economy of Ireland - Essay Example Inflation rate is a low two percent (2.7%). Ireland has chalked up a strong annual growth in Gross National Product and Gross Domestic Product. The National Development Plans are giving the economy a boost. Ireland can be considered as a small, open, trade-dependent economy and is one of the fastest growing economies in the developed world. Its openness is reflected in the international mobility of capital and by encouraging levels of foreign direct investment. With low tax rates, Ireland presents a very attractive economic climate for international and local businesses. In the field of international trade, the UK is the most important exporter to Ireland accounting for thirty-seven percent (37.1%) of all the Irish imports. The second biggest exported is the US at three percent (3.8%). The third exporter is Germany at nine percent (9.2%). Finally, the Netherlands accounts for more than four percent (4.5%.) The Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland (CBFSAI) consists of two entities. The first entity is the Central Bank, which carries responsibility for the monetary policy functions, financial stability, economic analysis and currency, and payment systems. The second entity is the Irish Financial Services Regulatory Authority, which has the mandate of safeguarding the financial sector and providing consumer protection. The CBFSAI has a supervisory responsibility for over 1000 financial entities in Ireland, of which more than 80 are banks and around 400 are credit unions.The banking sector is a reliable contributor of the country's economic growth. The banking sector contributed six percent (6) to the Irish GNP in 2005 compared to three percent (3%) in 1998. Employment in banking has risen from 29,400 in 1998 to 37,700 in 2005, of which 82% represents retail banking. These retail banks have over a thousand branches and satellite offices. TOP IRISH BANKS The two major Irish banks, AIB Bank and Bank of Ireland, are both publicly listed companies. These companies have generated their capital through the Irish Stock Exchange. In each case, ownership is widely diversified, with over 100,000 shareholders, most of whom are private individuals with relatively small holdings. In the case of AIB Bank, 41 per cent of shareholders own fewer than 1,000 shares each, while in the case of Bank of Ireland this figure is 54 per cent. Taken as a whole, these small bank shareholders own only 1 per cent of the total bank shares. Moreover, the Irish clients normally transact with the bank branches for retail banking services. They continue to be the predominant form of access to banking services. The growth of new suburbs and the emergence of suburban shopping malls has led to the opening of bank branches in or near these centres. The top four banks in Ireland are Allied Irish Bank, Bank of Ireland, the National Irish Bank and Ulster Bank. Allied Irish Banks p.l.c. was formed in 1966 when three banks merged. The three banks had been established in 1825. The AIB's emphasis is on business banking in Britain in the 1970s. In the 1980s, the AIB formed a subsidiary, the FMB, which marked the

The Universe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Universe - Essay Example and a compound is that separation of a mixture does not involve change in chemical properties of components while separation of compounds is associated with changes in chemical properties from those of the compound’s components to the separated products’. Consequently, a mixture exhibits characteristics that are the same as those of its components unlike a compound whose properties are completely different from those its components. Another difference between mixtures and compounds is that a mixture can contain any ratio of its components while a compound is composed of distinct component ratios (Ramsden, 2001). An element can be distinguished from a compound through chemical processes in which an element, in case of a reaction, will form a homogeneous product while a compound will form different products due to differences in chemical properties of its elements (Ramsden, 2001). Ionic bonds and covalent bonds have a number of differences. Ionic bonds for example occur between metallic elements and ‘non-metallic’ elements while covalent bonds form between ‘non-metallic’ elements. While ionic bonds form electrolytic compounds, that conducts electricity in liquid or aqueous state, covalent bonds forms ‘non-electrolytic’ compounds. Another difference between ionic bonds and covalent bonds is that while ionic bonds have a similar trend in characteristics, covalent bonds exhibit different trends in characteristics due to different types of covalent bonds (Ramsden, 2001). The reason for reaction between metals and ‘non-metals’ to form ionic bonds is because metals lose electrons while the ‘non-metals’ gain electrons for stability, forming oppositely charged ions that constitute the metallic bond. The metals lose their outer most electrons that are gained by the ‘non-metals’ for stability of both elements. While the elements are unstable and utilize energy to either, lose or gain electrons for stability, metals require less energy to lose

Research the causes of the Global Financial Crisis and its subsequent Essay

Research the causes of the Global Financial Crisis and its subsequent impact on the banks behavior on UAE banks - Essay Example Daigee Shaw (2011) stated Japan suffered a -5.2 growth rate in 2009. The financial crisis is characterized by the collapse of the United States housing bubble in 2007. Consequently, the housing bubble triggered the devaluation of the securities listed in the United States stock exchange markets; the securities were secured by real estate properties. The United States market situation created rippling effects simultaneously spreading to the United States trading partners within the global market place. The economic downfall of the United States stocks unfavorably created after shocks. The aftershocks include the significant decline in several stocks listed in the stock markets as well as and commodities markets around the world. The central banks of other countries were unfavorably influenced by the United States’ economic depression, starting in 2008. Benton Gup (Gup 2011) emphasized the United States’ Levin –Coburn Report gave the reasons for the United States financial disaster. The investments in high risk financial investments are part of the economic depression. The conflicts of interests among the United States financial entities contributed to the unprecedented United States economic debacle. The failure of the government agencies to check the reliability of the credit status of a majority of United States companies contributed to the United States economic crash of 2007. The credit-monitoring agencies failed in their duty to monitor and report the credit ratings of each company listed in the United States companies listed in the stock exchange. May Khamis (2010) theorised the current financial status of the banks in the United Arab Emirates suffered minimal effects from the global financial crisis that cropped up in 2008. UAE’s Dubai was the hardest hit (Katzman 2010). Consequently, Dubai had to push for a debt restructures (Rice

Copyright Laws and the University of Marylands Academic Integrity Research Paper

Copyright Laws and the University of Marylands Academic Integrity Policy - Research Paper Example This paper will discuss the issue of copyright laws and compares such laws to the University of Maryland’s integrity policy. Copyright according to the Australian’s Attorney General’s Department is a type of legal protection for persons who express original information or ideas in specific forms. According to the department, some of the most common of these forms include moving images, music, visual images, paintings, photographs, computer programs, maps, dramatic works and writing just to mention a few. Copyright in this respect protects not the information or ideas expressed but the form in which they are expressed or fixated. Under the United States’ copyright laws (Clause 8 of the constitution), copyright is defined as the set of exclusive rights that are given to innovators or originators of works. Such rights include copying, distributing and adapting the works. In most countries including the United States of America, copyright does not have to be r egistered but arises at the moment the work is fixated. Once a copyright comes into force, the owner of the copyright has the special rights to control the copying and other exploitative activities that may be performed on the works for a certain period of time. Once this period of time expires, the work goes to the public domain. There are a number of exceptions and limitations that exist to the use of copyrighted material. One such limitation is fair use which requires not the permission of the copyright owner. All other uses of copyrighted materials demand permission from their owners who can opt to license or transfer the ownership exclusively to other parties.

How does McKibbens book conclude What is his final argument Essay

How does McKibbens book conclude What is his final argument - Essay Example McKibbens concludes that human beings should expect massive extinction of species and higher cost of living in the future. In addition, the author relates scientific effects of global warming with local effects that individuals will experience. Mckibben concludes that people should stop focusing so much on economic growth, which according to him is the main cause of environmental changes. This is because economies all over the world have been striping off natural resources from earth to improve their economic status. However, according to McKibben the new earth should include living in a world where people are willing to live with less. This earth will have many economic problems since people will have less attachment to material things and be more connected to the nature. Furthermore, this book points out that the new earth will have repercussions on the economic status of generations to come. However, according to him, human beings cannot escape the new earth since they have already killed the old earth; thus, the new earth will not use machines in its food production to avoid polluting the environment. This means that it will be more labor intensive than the old earth and according to the author; more focus will be give n to farming and producing organic

The disclosure structure and its effect on performance Essay

The disclosure structure and its effect on performance - Essay Example The research combined content examination of CSR reports, and corporate performance data of various companies covered in the Accountability Rating statistics of the period 2004 to 2007 to facilitate the study. The study utilized a multifaceted approach to analyze influential variables capable of informing the analysis. Particularly, the research related the level, and structure of environmental and societal disclosure to CSP. The research utilized a design capable of addressing study objectives accordingly. The research sample was developed by following informed procedures leading to the establishment of an inclusive sample. The research identified influential variables for measuring the effect of practice on the firm’s performance to examine the effect of the disclosure level and the structure on the company’s CSP. According to Panneerselvam, an ideal study must define all essential variables that when examined can help one develop an informed conclusion. The researche r should acknowledge different types of variables to propose ideal method for assessing each. Researchers conducting the analysis considered the variables while setting a sample for their study. This is evident in the study’s approach of focusing on a sample of organization with essential statistics that allowed researchers assess all necessary variables consistently. The study sourced data from a diverse population of global companies included in reliable business statistics to develop a longitudinal dataset for the study.

Compare and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Compare and Contrast - Essay Example According to him, in racism, the oppressing people destroy the cultural values of the people (Fanon 33). To note, culture is an aspect showing one’s racial identity. In a sense, Fanon thinks that the main effect of racism is the debasement of one’s culture. Freire on the other hand, uses the term oppressed to refer to people who can easily be corrupted due to poor education. In a sense, he is concerned with intellectually oppressed people. Education is the key to stop this kind of oppression for him. If an individual is educated, he or she could liberate himself or herself out of the oppressive environment. He believes that education accords the oppressed an opportunity to regain honor and respect in the community which he or she belongs to (Freire 4). Also, Freire contends that through education, the oppressed could achieve a higher social status. For Freire, education opens the eyes of the oppressed to the truth and widens his or her horizons of opportunity in the soc iety. Second, Fanon and Freire’s literary works are both aimed at liberating the oppressed. In both of them, freedom is to be associated with the liberty to achieve the highest potential of human beings without any hindrances. For Fanon, the oppressed could be liberated through the grant of basic rights.

Flemings and Walloons Essay Example for Free

Flemings and Walloons Essay Flemings and Walloons In the 19th and 20th centuries, Flemings and Walloons were divided by political and economic tensions, but the most outstanding source of division was social differences. The Flemings and Walloons went head-to-head because of the divergence in their culture and ultimately, the way they lived their day-to-day lives. Both of these groups wanted the country of Belgium to be run in their favor, but with that would come a clash of cultures. The first controversy between the Flemings and Walloons was political tension. After the Belgian Revolution in 1830, the new nation of Belgium had to come to terms in context of political leaders, but the dispute between the Flemings and Walloons was so strong that no political settlement could be officiated. In Document 2, an American diplomat speaks about the history of Flemings and Walloons, stating that Walloons are impatient politicians and deny tradition, while Flemings feel strong nationality and are better contenders to run the government. This document is supported by Document 4, where a Brussels-based newspaper claims that Walloon control the north, but resist monarchial power, while Flemings are ardent supporters. In Document 8, a French observer discuses the struggle for political power between the Flemings and Walloons, stating that the Catholic Flemings lead a politically dominant party and their leadership demands must be met over those of the Walloon politicians. Through years of battling, Walloons and Flemings still found their selves butting heads in the political arena, but still, all of that fighting came down to one issue: language. Another controversy that arose was economic competition. The potato famine had reached Belgium by the 1840s, straining the economy and there was a struggle of who would come out on top. In Document 4, a Brussels-based newspaper explains the Walloons in the north, stating that they are prominent in the economy and the Flemings resent their occupation. In Document 7, a Political leader speaks about improvement in the Flemish region, saying that they are under a system of economic exploitation that causes suffering within the Flemish community. In Document 9, a government publication assesses the differences in the economy of the Flemings and Walloons. The Flemish regions remain agricultural and commercial and in Wallonia manufacturers produce textiles and metallurgy, so there is a complete diversion in working economical paths because they run in completely different ways. The hard line of division that separated the Flemish and the Walloons still came down to their refusal to produce together, let alone work together. The last and most dominant controversy between the Flemings and Walloons was social tension. With nationalism on the rise, the Flemings and Walloons were completely divided by their languages: who would be the receiver of national pride? In Document 1, it is made clear that there is a distinct line of separation between the north (Flemish country) and south (Wallonia). In Document 5, a Flemish pamphlet states that there is a bilingual disputation in Belgium and Walloons are trying to invade Belgium with French language, which should be considered absurd while Flemish culture is traditional and the language must be recognized by all Belgians. In Document 6, a French diplomatic observer discusses the differences between Flemish and Walloon thought, saying that while they do spend much time debating in the political setting, that in the end, all of the tension and dispute comes down to the factor of language. In Document 10, a Belgian political leader says that the language issue dares to move even farther that just a matter of being a Dutch speaker or a French speaker, he says that the Flemish culture and history as a whole fights for a real equality of language and culture and that all problems between the Flemings and Walloons stem from their differences in language. In Document 10, a Flemish publicist demands nothing but equal rights, saying that the problems between the Flemings and Walloons are not confined to small areas anymore, but the whole country is in dispute. Lastly, Document 12, taken from a London paper, says that the problems between the Walloons and Flemings are caused by pure jealousy and while they consider themselves better than the other, all are equal, but only they can figure that out. The relationship between the Flemings and Walloons throughout the 19th and early 20th century was a very strained one. While nationalism was rising, the groups kept fighting because of political, economical, and most of all social differences.

Characteristics of Tabloid Newspapers

Characteristics of Tabloid Newspapers What is common between Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky, Paris Hilton, Poonam Pandey and Rakhi Sawant. If one has to answer this question from a mere factual point of view, he might falter. This is due to the fact that all these people (and many more like them) strike the common chord of the term Tabloidization. Defining tabloidization might be a little difficult, but if we want to check it out from a birds eye view, it will be the massive changes that have taken place in mainstream media over past few years. The factual meaning, however, comes from the word tabloid, which refers to a particular size used by the British newspapers (23.5 in by 14.75 in). Because of the extensive use of such sized newspapers, we can say that the British print media is tabloidized, quite literally. The typical form of tabloid is marked by two major and distinct features: it devotes relatively less importance to issues of economics, politics and society and focuses more on diversions like sports, scandals and popular entertainment. This new category of journalism and media is believed to be of great consequence, atleast to the practice of journalism at large and it is important to understand the reasoning behind it. In this article we will try to understand how the tabloids function, the historical background and the effect it has on the serious media and on the society. Historical background: The existence of tabloids can be traced back to the first part of the 20th century in Britain. United States and rest of the Europe were a little late to catch up but during the late 30s and post world-war 2 eras, tabloids started to grow here as well. The Daily Mail and Daily Mirror, published by Hammersmith and Rothermere, were the first tabloids in Britain, which were soon followed by the likes of The Sun, published by the Murdoch group and currently Britains highest selling tabloid. In other developing countries, like China and India, the tabloid movement is growing and the growth has been especially rapid in last 10 years or so. Historically, tabloids have existed alongside other quality papers, so to say. But, in recent years, we have been experiencing a glaring gap between serious media and tabloids. We will be using the term serious media only as to be able to emphasize tabloidization as a phenomena which is not looked upon in a very positive manner, specially because of the features mentioned above. Characteristic features of tabloids: One of the main characteristics of tabloids have been that they have always been brash and loud, they have used sensationalism as a medium to engage the readers and give preference to anything and everything that arouses and titillates public interest. The most interesting part about tabloids is that the journalism covers the nuances of the fantastic and the crazily invented which the consumers are not only aware of but also accommodate the same in their reading strategies. Sex, scandals, celebrity, nightlife, glamour, horror, sting operations and probing into the personal lives of people are the areas frequented by the tabloids. Another common aspect across all tabloids is the extensive use of posters and photographs, and usually the reporting lines are used as fillers. Most of the tabloids publish pictures of naked/semi-naked models on page 3 or 5 (Mid-day have them on page 2, known as the Mid-day mates). And other prominent stories include crime, sex, sensational news items, parties, celebrity remarks etc. however, it is wrong to assume that they dont carry other serious news such as politics, economics and other news of national interest, but the tone used is highly personalized and the reporters are opinionated. Such reporting does not provide any scope of objective and analytical reasoning being reported and fostered. Probably the only thing it efficiently does is to teach people to take sides. During the times when a media agenda needs to be set, tabloids will usually do the most myopic possible job. And it doesnt end there; tabloids also have the tendency of juxtaposing reality and fantasy in order to arouse interest and even at times, mislead their readers. There are recorded instances of these tabloids carrying reports of alien attacks etc. The Sun went as far ahead declaring the first inter-galactic treaty being made when they carried a cover page picture of ET shaking hands with President Clinton. Reasons, Consequences and Effects: If we analyse tabloidization from a simple perspective, we will see that it is actually a very simple phenomenon. It is only a transition being driven by market forces from being driven by public agendas. But, if someone has to analyze it in a deeper way, then one must understand the political, economical and social reasons behind the growth of this trend. Tabloidization has coined new terms, junk food and rag sheet for example, but what we can see is the fact that all these have derogatory connotations, primarily due to the fact that issues that concerns the citizen are thrown on the back-burner, while scandal, entertainment and lifestyle has taken the centre-stage. This has definitely harmed the relationship between mass media and politics and current affairs. We will look into a few reasons behind it phenomenon. People want media to be more personalized, more interactive, and by juxtaposing the serious news and the tabloid, private and public spheres are getting connected constantly. This also portrays the shift in peoples outlook and justifies the declining audience for traditional news agenda. Media itself has become more and more corporatized, which had lead to shaping of news in order to be able to cater to the taste of audiences. Like any other corporate business, revenue maximization has given way to the populist agenda. It has become a trend in the competitive industry, especially in a free market. Declining circulation is another major concern. The increasing use of internet news, which massively deploy the tabloid strategy. The worst possible effect of tabloidization is that it fails to serve the prime function of journalism, which is to inform the people about the issues which concern the public interest. As a direct consequence of tabloidization, we can see the change in priority in terms of time-slots; prime-time is no longer news and current affairs, it more about creating a spectacle. Even though the classical definition of journalism does not talk about covering and reporting facts related to politics, economy or other issues of public interest only, they can even choose to cater to the section of people who are looking for content that suits popular taste and public interest. But tabloids are not only accused of sensationalizing news and blowing things beyond proportion but also for publishing and broadcasting information which is not verified and an unbiased opinion is seldom offered. This defeats the very purpose of journalism where the journalist should be seeking the truth and should not be offering a story tailored to suit the preferences of the readers/viewers and advertisers. Justifications: Despite having such negative connotations, there are justifications as well. Some believe that tabloidization (like talk shows) is a boon as they present different lifestyles and cultures which help in human integration. And some argue that is offers an alternative reality and helps utopian and emancipating fantasies. On a very Indian context, it can be compared to the existence of channels like Aaj Tak and India TV, who are actually thriving despite the fact that they are nothing but tabloidized version of news channels. People prefer tabloids as hard news is at times difficult to digest and its impersonal nature doesnt interest them. Tabloidization and journalism: The definition of Conclusion: It is very difficult to reach a common consensus and brand tabloidization good or bad. On one hand, it is almost utopian to expect private media corporations to behave like public service units, especially in a consumerist world, and on the other hand we can debate whether the right of reader/viewer to truthful information is being violated or not. On a broad level, news agenda being more entertainment driven is understandable, but it becomes unacceptable when news is transformed into an entertainment package. The tabloids are engaged at the level of our deepest needs for safety and security and they constantly make us feel vulnerable (Sansani, for example). This is done in order to capture the attention and drive the public agenda through the media agenda. The fact that one third of American still believe that Saddam Hussain was responsible for the September 11 attack, is a glaring example of their success. It might have been better if the tabloids would only have existed alongside the serious news, but unfortunately (or fortunately!!) the line between the two seems to be blurring, and with the dropping demand for traditional media and astronomical rise in media consumption through the digital mediums, the situation will only become more complex. To conclude, we can only say that tabloidization follows the mantra of: Tickle the public, make them grin, The more you tickle, the more youll win

Life History Interview with Elderly Person

Life History Interview with Elderly Person Interview with an Older Person Christopher Mason Introduction Dr. Cheryl Lynn Robley is a 66 year old Caucasian female who currently lives in a retirement community in the Mississippi coastal town of Gulfport. She moved there from Tennessee to be near her son and two grand-daughters after being widowed a little over four years ago. While she enjoys being near her family, Dr. Robley explains it has been difficult adjusting to not only living alone, but also coming to grips with a new environment and an older age. Being brought up in a small southern farm town in West Tennessee during the 1950s and 60s, she attributes her commitment to care to her family, particularly her father. It was perhaps his encouragement and love that played the biggest role in her need to succeed not just as a woman, but also as a professional. She recalls that her first memory is of a trip to the store with him when she was four years old. Cheryl remembers walking hand in hand with her father as he looked at her and said, â€Å"Well, I’m with my best girl and sh e’s shinin’ bright as a star† (Dr. C. L. Robley, personal communication, August 1, 2014). Dr. Robley’s life has seemingly been one marked with challenge, opportunity, loss, as well as a desire to make a contribution to future generations. Childhood and Adolescence Normal growth and development has historically been described in relation to eight phases of maturation. Psycho-analyst, Eric Erikson, deemed these goals of intrinsic worth gained through personal development as, â€Å"trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity† (Sigelman Rider, 2014). While it is important to recognize that Erikson’s theory provides the framework of individual development through the cycle of eight defining moments, he makes no specification to the differences that gender or socioeconomics may play in the role of the life-span. Perhaps the first precipitating stressors that one can recognize in Dr. Robley’s life was when she was only twelve years old. An excellent example that follows the components of Stuart’s Stress Model occurred when Cheryl lost her three year old brother to Leukemia. The death of a loved one can be not only the test of how well an individual uses their resources to cope, but can also be a test of the resources for an entire family. As a child, Cheryl grew up active in her church and community and she found that there was solace in both of her grand-mother’s homes. She remembers that her piano lessons went on, as her classes at school did, but the death of her younger brother was too much for her mother to bear. Cheryl said that she had to become the mother to her younger sister. â€Å"It was hard to be thrust into a role that I knew nothing about† (Dr. C. L. Robley, personal communication, August 1, 2014). During this phase children re-analyze their individu ality to discover the function that they will fill as adults. Failure to substantiate a personalized identity during this period of time can lead to role confusion and can cause a person to be uncertain of their identity inside society (Santrock, 2011). The biopsychosocial components of Stuart’s Stress Model suggest that Cheryl had the predisposition as well as strong family relationships that enhanced her ability to respond to grief in an adaptive rather than a maladaptive manner. She states that although her sister, one year younger, was not aware of the seriousness of their brother’s illness, she [Cheryl] knew that her bother would die because she looked up his diagnosis. She listened and observed everything around her, and those things that she did not understand, she either asked one of her grand-mothers about or looked up in an encyclopedia. This served as a background and education that prepared her to deal with the weight of death at such a young age (Stuart, 2 012). Erikson surmised that the relationships and conflicts a child confronts in society, specifically with the family, allows a child to begin to develop an ego and personality through their experience with â€Å"trust versus mistrust†. The possibility of positive outcomes through this life-stage, as with every other virtue, is a double-edged sword. An individual’s experience upon being challenged or threatened is a unique response that swings the spectrum of the maladaptive to the adaptive continuum of coping (Erikson, 1950; Stuart, 2012). Cheryl’s father, who was a science and math teacher, owned the large farm she grew up on, and later became Tennessee’s largest cotton crop farmer. Her mother was a high school beauty queen who was also a teacher for a short time before becoming a full-time house-wife and mother of four daughters. As a teenager, Cheryl was her church’s pianist, played basketball, and graduated as her high school’s valedictorian. She felt acceptance and pride from her father and most of her family. She always felt an obvious disconnect from her mother that had a negative effect on her self-concept as a female. She gained confidence through her accomplishments, and enjoyed making her father proud. At a young age she began to establish her identity within a society. Her mother’s critical nature probably had some lasting effect and could have contributed to role confusion and negative self-image, if her father had not played such a prominent role in her life. Cheryl says , â€Å"Into young adulthood I became not only his confidant, but he truly valued my opinion. During the holidays, the other women were in the kitchen, my father asked me to sit and converse with the men† (Dr. C. L. Robley, personal communication, August 1, 2014). Young Adulthood Cheryl also gained acceptance from her peers who voted her most likely to succeed in her senior class superlatives election. In 1968, she was accepted to Vanderbilt University in Nashville Tennessee. As she moved away from home, she began to have more control over her social circles and environment. Cheryl continued her high school success as an academic, asserting her independence. Cheryl says, â€Å"While college was an adventure in exploration, I had been instilled with a belief system; unlike some of the other students I did not go wild† (Dr. C. L. Robley, personal communication, August 1, 2014). According to Erikson, this stage of life can be a struggle between willpower and impulsivity and a balance between the two factors tends to give way to purpose and direction (Erikson, 1950). One of the more salient proponents of Stuart’s Stress Model is the individual’s choice, emotional, behavioral, and psychological response in life when risk is encountered. Cheryl discussed her time at Vanderbilt as the point at which she found her voice. After joining a sorority, â€Å"the girls tried to tell me who I could and could not be friends with† (Dr. C. L. Robley, personal communication, August 1, 2014). This was a clear test of how Cheryl would adapt to the consequences of potential injury of being judged in a life situation. She dropped out of the sorority and was friends with who she wanted to be friends with. Cheryl knew that her father had wanted to be a physician, and in college she was working toward this goal until confronted with her first psychology class. Dr. Robley says, â€Å"That one class certainly put my life on a very different track† (Dr. C. L. Robley, personal communication, August 1, 2014). After being given her typical Vanderbilt co-ed card by fraternity row, and three years of hard work, she graduated with a baccalaureate degree in psychology. She began graduate school at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UTK) with the coveted Veteran’s Administration (VA) scholarship. Even though Cheryl was very intelligent, she was quite reserved. At UTK, she was confronted with the first of her professors who cursed incessantly for shock appeal. Cheryl says that she turned red in every single class and stayed red until the end. She focused all of her energy on not letting this professor get the best of her. For Dr. Robley, learning to curse, became a defense mechanism. (Stuart, 2012). Cheryl was told by her professor and advisor that she was instinctually a diagnostician, and a natural therapist. She was one of three females in the Psychological Doctorate of Philosophy (Ph.D.) program at UTK in the early 70s. Cheryl said that is was very different from being in a program now. One difference was the data processor she used was the size of a small room and utilized punch cards. After-all, personal computers were yet to be invented. It was the time after the Vietnam War when psychology was a young science, as were many other innovative technologies we use today. She considers herself extremely lucky to have found and excelled at a skill that she was inherently good at and could be of help to so many people. It gave meaning to who she was, and affirmed her place in society. Dr. Robley is very familiar with the works of Erikson, Freud, and Maslow. She believes that in essence each of their theories effectively parallel one another in characterizing the cycle of action and reaction during growth patterns. â€Å"Each of Erikson’s stages or crises, must occur and in sequence, but the lines that separate these stages, do blur. People mature at different rates† (Dr. C. L. Robley, personal communication, August 1, 2014). Dr. Robley had the opportunity to do internships in Miami and Houston; she extraordinarily was also trained by the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI). Once Cheryl became Dr. Robley, she was hired as the director of the Alcohol and Drug (A D) unit at Moccasin Bend Psychiatric Hospital in Chattanooga Tennessee. It was the first year that the A D unit was open. Because funds were very limited, she and other employees completed the painting, renovations, and made quilts for the patient beds. She had complete autonomy. She interviewed and hired every nurse and orderly that would work in that unit. As a woman in such a position of authority, she found that the employees interested in helping the community were willing to follow her lead. However, every Friday, she met with the board of the hospital by which she was talked over and ignored until she remembered the shock factor of cursing. They did not expect her as a 5’ 2† 115 lb. girl to climb onto the conference table and pace back and forth in 3 inch heels cursing at the top of her lungs. She knew she made a risky choice that could have cost her career, but this smoky ro om full of middle aged men was uncharted territory for a young woman. In Stuart’s Model, the appraisal of stressors occurs when one gives cognitive meaning to previous loss, the weight of a potential obstacle, or challenge that emphasizes the chance of gain as opposed to the risk of loss (Stuart, 2012). In the 1970s, Cheryl would never have been successful as Dr. Robley without this kind of resilience, hardiness and self-assurance. Cheryl met Talle, a brazen artist that worked as a medical technician. When they met in her office, he propped his work boots on top of her desk and said, â€Å"You’re good, and I don’t know when you’re bluffing, but you are bluffing some of the time. No one as young as you are knows as much as you claim to know† (Dr. C. L. Robley, personal communication, August 1, 2014). Cheryl says that the only logical conclusion that she could draw was, â€Å"here is a challenge† (Dr. C. L. Robley, personal communication, August 1, 2014). They began dating. Cheryl says, â€Å"This was the time of my life† (Dr. C. L. Robley, personal communication, August 1, 2014). Although they were a perfect match, he never wore anything but blue jeans and she had never owned even one pair. Cheryl remembers that when she was in school the girls were required to wear skirts. When it snowed in Tennessee, she got to her class on the other side of the hill by sledding down t he icy slope on a piece of cardboard in a pencil skirt. She wasn’t completely demure. Cheryl laughs and recalls going to class to take an exam close to the holidays in a trench coat with nothing underneath. Middle Adulthood In 1976, the couple were pregnant and married. According to Erikson, â€Å"love and affiliation†, and whether one is emotionally and physically available to become intimate is one of the more important stages in an adult’s personal life (Erikson, 1950). Cheryl and Talle had a daughter, and three years later, a son as well. At this time, the family moved back to Cheryl’s home town of Jackson Tennessee; she opened a private practice that flourished. Her children were her greatest happiness and she was able to support her husband’s artistic talent as the breadwinner, but it was really being able to give back to the community she grew up in that made her feel like all of her hard work had been worth-while. Erikson’s outline of human development is very applicable to this statement as his 7th stage, â€Å"generativity versus stagnation†, points out the personal need to help others through there crisis stages or rather to make a difference in this world that one might see as a legacy. Cheryl stated with a shaky voice, â€Å"We were a very happy family, until I began to develop medical problems that no one could have predicted† (Dr. C. L. Robley, personal communication, August 1, 2014). Late Adulthood Dr. Robley developed migraines, degenerative disc disorder, and rheumatological problems around 40 years of age. While these problems began slowly, there were few health care professionals who knew enough about migraines and medication errors to effectively treat her. She continued working, even vomiting between patient sessions. She felt that there might be hope when she became aware of sumatriptan. While it was not available in the United States at that time, she was able to have it shipped from the Netherlands and later Canada. For a year it allowed her to resume work completely, as well as her life. The miracle of this resolution seemed to come to an end in one fell swoop. Developing an ischemic attack that resulted in a blocked artery left her unable to continue using the triptans for migraine relief. Physicians not knowing what to do, over-prescribed steroids for the inflammation which also caused her to develop diabetes mellitus type II. She was forced to close her practice an d allow both social security and private disability to pay for her medical bills and support her family. Cheryl and her husband had both always loved the freedom of being self-employed, however hard the work might have been. However, Talle shifted his focus from his own work to become a college professor of art. Dr. Robley feels that she has lost so much of what she has worked hard for and after losing her husband, has found herself to be more isolated and less involved in life. She has effectively disengaged. She says that she has fought for years and no longer owns a house or has any of the nice things that she once had. Although she sees her son and two grand-daughters most every week, and talks with her daughter who lives across the country; she for the first time in her life is not just alone, but lonely. Erikson was frugal in his utilization of the word achieve in the linguistic context of productive results, because it was implicit of gaining something distinct and everlasting. The psychosocial evolution is not straightforward and is not permanent: any former crisis can successfully return to anyone, albeit in a dissimilar pretext, with productive or unproductive outcomes. This perchance helps explain how high achievers can utterly fail, and how unsuccessful persons can in the end become ‘high achievers’. No-one should become contented, and there is promise for us all. (Amory, 2012, p. 253) Conclusion Dr. Robley said, â€Å"The person I identified as myself I no longer see. The accolades of my career feel like a former life† (Dr. C. L. Robley, personal communication, August 1, 2014). It is easy to see that Dr. Robley has had a lifetime of change in the last few years of her life. Without support or help, it would be difficult for anyone to cope with the drastic changes of illness, loss of finances, and especially the loss of a spouse. She must be encouraged to continue with the coping and defense mechanisms that produced the amazing doctor that gave to so many people. When you spend your hours taking care of the entire world, what do you do when the only person you have left to take care of is yourself? The Stuart Stress Adaptation Model interrelates a person’s unique reaction to stress given predisposing factors, the type of stressor, the individual’s perception of circumstances, as well as the available resources, and which resources one chooses to use in re action to the stressor (Stuart, 2012). The continuum of coping responses can vary from productive to damaging and can manifest as physical symptoms. The continuum from maladaptive to adaptive coping responses is a measurement of how healthy our reactions are. The final stage of Stuart’s Stress Model is the treatment and intervention stage. These are the exploration by the nurse and patient of both positive and negative consequences that were enabled by the patient’s cognitive misperceptions, and were then followed by maladaptive actions. A nurse’s goal is to help the patient to become aware of poor choices that result in negative consequences, and analyze strategies that are in favor of health promotion and a patient’s positive change in behavior. Dr. Cheryl Lynn Robley would perhaps benefit from a nursing intervention that refocused her interest in life by helping her to understand the things that she regrets. A nursing intervention directed toward stren gth training and balance might give her the capability to be more functional on a daily basis. A nurse and patient partnership toward better health has the ability to remind an elderly person that age is only a number and offer nurses the opportunity to begin their own legacy. References Amory, D. (2012). 3.23.3 Eriksons psychosocial development theory. In Techniques for personal coaching and self-coaching (p. 253). Raleigh, NC: Lulu.com. Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. New York, NY: W. W. Norton Company. Santrock, J. W. (2011). Life-span development (13th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. Sigelman, C. K., Rider, E. A. (2014). Life-span human development (8 ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Stuart, G. W. (2012). Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing (10 ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier Saunders: Mosby.

Essay examples --

The purpose of this essay is to discuss how Coca-Cola generates sustainable competitive advantage by drawing on their Resources and Capabilities within the company. I will discuss on the theoretical area, draw on secondary research and apply a ‘real world’ example. Definitions of each perspective are explained as to make a better understanding of the different types of organizations clearer. The Coca-Cola Company (Coca-Cola), founded in 1886 and based in Atlanta Georgia, is the world’s leading soft drink manufacturer who operates in more than 200 countries and produces 400 brands of non-alcoholic beverages. Coca-Cola is very successful and recognized around the world, making the company the most valuable brand internationally. Coca-Cola has been operating through eight segments, which are Africa, East, South Asia and Pacific Rim, European Union, Latin America, North America, North Asia, Eurasia and Middle East (The Coca-Cola Company, 2006). The activities of Coca-Cola spreads through all sectors of the soft drink industry. The company offers ready to drink and yet non-alcoholic beverages with carbonation as the carbonated water, flavored water, and the energy drinks. There are still beverages that includes the non-alcoholic beverages and without carbonation which includes the non-carbonated water, flavored water, teas, juice drinks, and the enhanced water. The c ompany is also offering the fountain syrup, concentrates, and syrups, which include the sweeteners and the ingredients. The company sells its finished beverage products to the distributors and the canning and bottling operators, fountain wholesaler, and the distributors. (182) Strategy is concerned with matching a firm’s resources and capabilities to the opportuniti... ...w materials into finished products. The company manufactures the syrups and sells them to partnered bottling companies that package and distributes the final product. Bottlers help sell and promote Coca-Cola brands to businesses and institutions. Also, the Outbound Logistic department excel in the duty of effective shipping processes in providing a quick delivery, reduces damages, efficient finished goods warehousing processes, shipping of goods in large lot sizes to minimize transportation costs and quality material handling equipment to increase order picking. Lastly, the marketing and sales department of Coca-Cola are greatly motivated and capable sales force, innovative tactics to promotion and advertising, selection of the utmost fitting distribution channels, accurate identification of customer segments and needs and effective pricing strategies. (171)

Women in the Quran :: A Level Essays

Women in the Qur'an The traditions of Islam revolve around the blessed words of Muhammad revealed to him through Allah. These revelations guide Muslims through not only the act of worship, but also through a lifestyle strictly designated in the words of the Qur'an. Those who criticize Islamic customs often accuse the Qur’an of attempting to govern society under prehistoric law. This holy book dates back to the lifetime of the prophet Muhammad in the 7th centuries Clearly times have changed; yet many Islamic customs have not evolved through time. One of the most controversial topics in Islam today addresses women’s issues. Popular American culture portrays Islamic women as veiled and silenced figures living in a world of submission. Feminist groups in the United States focus on Muslim women and attempt to liberate the strong hold of Islamic tradition on women’s freedom. Over 900 million Muslims continue to worship Allah worldwide. Islam continues to thrive as one of the major monothe istic religions across cultures and the followers of Islam respect and defend the words and customs laid out in the Qur’an. Qur'an Text: Word â€Å"woman† used only 18 times in the Qur'an, usually in reference to what she will contribute to a family or what her duties are as a wife, her roles are defined vividly when the word woman is used. From: The Cow [2.221] And do not marry the idolatresses until they believe, and certainly a believing maid is better than an idolatress woman, even though she should please you; and do not give (believing women) in marriage to idolaters until they believe, and certainly a believing servant is better than an idolater, even though he should please you; these invite to the fire, and Allah invites to the garden and to forgiveness by His will, and makes clear His communications to men, that they may be mindful. From: The Family of Imran [3.35] When a woman of Imran said: My Lord! Surely I vow to Thee what is in my womb, to be devoted (to Thy service); accept therefore from me, surely Thou art the Hearing, the Knowing. The word â€Å"man† is used 304 times, and it most often used to describe the human experience of work, economic status, and interactions with Allah. From: The Cow [2.184] For a certain number of days; but whoever among you is sick or on a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days; and those who are not able to do it may effect a redemption by feeding a poor man; so whoever does good spontaneously it is better for him; and that you fast is better for you if you know. Women in the Qur'an :: A Level Essays Women in the Qur'an The traditions of Islam revolve around the blessed words of Muhammad revealed to him through Allah. These revelations guide Muslims through not only the act of worship, but also through a lifestyle strictly designated in the words of the Qur'an. Those who criticize Islamic customs often accuse the Qur’an of attempting to govern society under prehistoric law. This holy book dates back to the lifetime of the prophet Muhammad in the 7th centuries Clearly times have changed; yet many Islamic customs have not evolved through time. One of the most controversial topics in Islam today addresses women’s issues. Popular American culture portrays Islamic women as veiled and silenced figures living in a world of submission. Feminist groups in the United States focus on Muslim women and attempt to liberate the strong hold of Islamic tradition on women’s freedom. Over 900 million Muslims continue to worship Allah worldwide. Islam continues to thrive as one of the major monothe istic religions across cultures and the followers of Islam respect and defend the words and customs laid out in the Qur’an. Qur'an Text: Word â€Å"woman† used only 18 times in the Qur'an, usually in reference to what she will contribute to a family or what her duties are as a wife, her roles are defined vividly when the word woman is used. From: The Cow [2.221] And do not marry the idolatresses until they believe, and certainly a believing maid is better than an idolatress woman, even though she should please you; and do not give (believing women) in marriage to idolaters until they believe, and certainly a believing servant is better than an idolater, even though he should please you; these invite to the fire, and Allah invites to the garden and to forgiveness by His will, and makes clear His communications to men, that they may be mindful. From: The Family of Imran [3.35] When a woman of Imran said: My Lord! Surely I vow to Thee what is in my womb, to be devoted (to Thy service); accept therefore from me, surely Thou art the Hearing, the Knowing. The word â€Å"man† is used 304 times, and it most often used to describe the human experience of work, economic status, and interactions with Allah. From: The Cow [2.184] For a certain number of days; but whoever among you is sick or on a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days; and those who are not able to do it may effect a redemption by feeding a poor man; so whoever does good spontaneously it is better for him; and that you fast is better for you if you know.

effects of depression :: essays research papers

Effects Of Depression   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John had a decision to make and he had to make it now, he had to decide if he would go to see his doctor or if he should just ignore the symptoms. Many people would say if John needed to go to the doctors because he was sick, than he should just go because that is what you would do if you where sick. What you don’t know about Johns symptoms is that he is depressed. There are many reasons why a person can get depressed, however this subject is not talked about in public very often. However, many people go through life having been depressed at one time or another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Depression can be especially cruel in that it doesn't affect just the depressed person, but everyone around them, too. Someone who is depressed can be very difficult to deal with. What makes this so cruel is, that as a relationship with the depressed person become strained to the point where others avoid having anything to do with them, this further contributes to a deeper depression and makes the person feel even more isolated which might intensify the depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being depressed can affect three major areas in a persons life, in the first area it can affect your workplace. Your fellow workers might look at it as though you are a moody person, that goes through mood swings at the drop of a hat. Your boss may look at it as though you have an attitude about your job and that your production level is down and that you just don’t care about work anymore. Your customers may look at it as 2 though you don’t want to deal with them anymore or don’t want their business, these are a few ways that your depression can affect your job because of a misunderstanding and misdiagnosed symptoms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Depression may cause you to lose your job without the right diagnose and treatment. It can also affect your family and loved ones also with them pulling away from you, because your mood swings and temper is just to much for them to handle, as the relationship with the depressed person become strained to the point where others avoid having anything to do with them. Life has become unbearable with you around them, so the tend to avoid you. As you go deeper into a depressed illness everything and everyone around you just don’t seem important anymore.

The Effects of Colonization in Africa

While Africans were deprived of basic human rights in some regions and lost many of their cultural aspects, these characteristics were overridden by industrialization, more job opportunities, and improved political structure during the European colonization of Africa from late 19th to mid-20th century. In document 5, it states â€Å"when the whites came to our country, we had the land and they had the Bible; now we have the Bible and they have the land,† an African proverb regarding the Europeans. Through missionaries, Africans gained the trade network and interracial relations, and Europeans expanded their territories as a result.The cheap labor force and raw materials were sent back to the mainland to be finished. The surplus goods from Europe were then sold in higher prices to Africans who could afford it (doc. 2). However, the natives were not always guaranteed equality (doc. 8), thus creating tension. Furthermore, there was friction among different tribes within a colony, due to the fact they were in the same location (doc. 11). Yet, it had a positive impact on economics as well. In some parts of Africa, one woman stated that the people were fortunate to be treated well compared to other parts.They were rewarded goods for their work, and the word â€Å"slavery† was abolished (doc. 6). The railroad was constructed for transporting the materials. Also, different tribes developed irrigation systems, and learned the use of the domestic animals, manure, and mechanical work (doc. 3). Additionally, people were taught different skills such as mining and blacksmithing. Some argued that this is forced, but it is rationalized that the natives are savages, therefore it was for their own good (doc. 1). In addition to economics, Europe brought political stability.From the Europeans’ perspective, the new government implemented by Europeans guaranteed the protection of people and their possessions (doc. 9). The tug-of-war (doc. 4) between the nations shows how it affected a colony’s political system. Thanks to the railroad, the government can oversee their colonies efficiently (doc. 7) while using militarism when needed (doc. 10), protecting their own colonies. Documents that would be helpful are from the ruling class for better understanding of its influence on the social hierarchy.

Music Piracy Is a Good Thing

Music plagiarism is a Good thing Pirating unison is one of the most common crimes in the world that happens everyday. However, ones you read this essay, I believe you will deliberate this is carry through from a different perspective, it may not wager want such a atrocious crime afterwards all. Most thriving artists make in the tens of one million million millions every form according to eHow. com. If thats the truth, how sternly is plagiarism real hurting these pot? If practice of medicine piracy is effecting the artist so much indeed why do majority of the artists atomic number 18 living in mansions larger than the whiten Ho apply?If pirating practice of medicine hurts euphonyians income so badly it would show, and after all this time of pirating music it hasnt. Music piracy benefits artists more than it hurts, because it should be legal. Music piracy is in the principal(prenominal) committed by battalion who are everyday stack who fox second-rate i ncome jobs and dupe families who end up world sued by big drop companies everyplace grimloading music for free. It seems a bit to avid when you look at the difference in pay between the artist and the sight who download the melodic lines. ( ) say that the people who steal the music are more be similar to go to the show and buy the albums after downloading music (Ernesto).Also, people who pirate music tracks are very likely to bump an connection to the bands orartists and that will lead to them aid the shows, buying albums and merchandise. When putting this issue in perspective, record companies are just smell for money with fall out any consideration for the shipway of getting it. Record companies start suing people who feature downloaded music for ridiculous criterion of money in attempt to h honest-to-god back and scare false the fellons from downloading music illicitly. The main groups change are college kids that dont have the money.Sarah Barg was a sophomore at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Sarah received an email from a label company stating that she owed $3,000 to the record Industry Association of America (Bratton). For that amount,, Sarah would be paying $7. 87 for each song. majority of the songs she pirated were from the eighties and werent even relevant anymore, and as yet she was battling record companys in court oer them them. Sixty students like Sarah at UNL received the same similar, as well as hundreds sent out to over sixty other universities crosswise the country. Not knowing ow else to handle the situation, Barg contacted her parents and they had to shell out her settlement. I dont know what I would have done. Im lonesome(prenominal) 20 years old, says Barg. hygienic over five hundred students crossways the states have paid settlements to parry world sued. I see it as bullying, UNL freshman Andrew Johnson says, Legally, it makes sense, because we dont have the money to press back. Johnson illegally dow nloaded one song and settled $3,000 to avoid being sued for one song. The money utilize came from the 18 year olds college fund and he now has to work two jobs to encompass for his losses.The record companies seem to target those cant fight back. In cc7, major record companies such as Warner music groups, Warner Bros Records, Inc. , and Sony BMG Music Entertainment, tried to sue a young miss from Texas named Whitney harpist for illegally downloading music from stick manduction networks on the internet (Malisow). Whitney was at the time was sixteen years old and was being sued for a minimum of $750 per song when Whitney downloaded thirtyseven songs. That is a little over $20,000 and she is unless sixteen years old.Harper tried to use the Innocent Infringer Act that would reduce fees to $200 per song. In order to accomplish that, Harper had to prove she was unaware of the copyright righteousnesss by claiming that the copyright notice placed on cds were not on the level shar ing networks on the Internet therefore she was unaware. The companies referred to the sixteen-year-old as a long term large infringer of copyright laws. Harper warned that if the companies won the compositors fiber that downloading music gain the Internet could neer be innocent infringement. The Harper chance is one the few after many years still going through with(predicate) federal court.The companies had express they were going to get going transitioning away from suing individuals and find better center of designateing the issue. After years of record companies using an intimidation method to fix the pirating problem, it got them nowhere because the amount of pirates only went up, and the efforts by the companies were in most cases useless. According to the surround Street Journal, they attempted suing many whizz mothers, a thirteen-year-old girl, and a curtly peope. The young approach is for the companies to work with Internet dish providers and when music is ei ng pirated the user receives a exemplar that they will lose Internet answer if they continue(WSJ. com). The companies still reserve the right to sue if someone is a heavy stunner or has ignored several warnings, unless even with this new system, it still seems like the companies are only out for money, barely in an attempt to escape veto attention from the media, they change their approach. According to The Independent, people who illegally download music in like manner spend more money on music, concerts, merchandises than anyone else.The Secretary of State for Business, Peter Mandelson, stated that the record companies new approach to snatch up down on illegal down loaders by cutting off internet service could potentially harm the music industry more than help it. The people who file share are the ones who are fireed in music. They use file sharing as a stripping mechanism. The artists also have mixed opinions over file sharing, some such as James Blunt and Lily Allen a re anti-piracy and Shakira is pro-piracy(Shields). Sites have come out with monthly bills for unbounded music plans that seem fairer.Some artists dont feel affected by file sharing and brave out the fact that piracy creates a bigger fan base for them. Bands like Angels and Airwaves have produced free records so copyright wasnt an issue. They pick up that the fans will still come see them play and record sales arent the only thing to being in a successful band. Some artists dont seem to commit that. Most artists make plenty off of record sales even with a piracy problem, so court cases and law suits on everyday people by record companies seems a bit jealous and selfish.Even with the new laws, they are still simplyton to stop this unstoppable problem. Today music piracy is referred to as a dead issue. Most cases that are still pending are being dropped. This year a $54,000 fine on a genius mother of four was dropped by the U. S. govern Court Judge, Micheal Davis, who stated p iracy is no longer monstrous and shocking. The need for bullying cannot justify a two million verdict for stealing and distributing twenty-four songs for the sole purpose of obtaining free music(physorg. om). doubting Thomas Rasset was convicted in 2007 and was ordered to pay $220,000, but the judge who presided over the trial called off the verdict, saying it was wholly disproportionate and oppressive. Her case was one of the thousands that had actually made it to court. In 2011, with new laws, these cases should not be disregarded about. The people who lost cases should be compensated and apologized to because they did nothing other than have an interest in the artist.

Retail food protection

Protection of food is essential to ensure more food safety. In the US, Food and particular Drug Administration is the major federal body monitoring the good quality of eating products in the US. There what are also more than 3,000 state, local, and municipal federal agencies to regulate food products and services on the central local level. Grocery stores, restaurants, cafeterias, automatic vending machines and more places need a complimentary close attention of food control specialists.Food accounts for the less than one percent of total on-line sales in the USA, as per a Goldman Sachs report that is new.Kitchen closed shop for many of your requirements that how are gadget! Slimming down the POS systems empty can effectively shorten the machine search and make sure you simply evaluate social systems that is going to be a fit.Food preparation additional information ought to go from the kitchen.

public Catering may be used to pleasure passengers.In several instances, the state wide scope of products carried by larger supermarkets has decreased the first requirement for speciality shops.Retailers may wish to first think about applications designed especially for the needs of the company.Stores can throw better off enormous amounts of food.

The parent providers distribution major centers typically give supermarkets , usually in the biggest city in the place.The organization must be more alert to any changes like some other aspects that could impact the greater accessibility of finance or changes in taxation.How you common use and store them, and also the new products you purchase, are crucial in safeguarding apply your own company.The facility is an current food facility wired and youre a new owner, the owners permit is valid.

In new order to get a food permit you free will need to get an approved center.Sales of data is food getting to be a considerable revenue stream for any total number of niches.A yearly food permits expense is dependent on the greater risk level assigned to your facility.Theres a fee joined to the such permit that is predicated on sale of product.

Observation and Gross Motor Skills

law-abiding a infant finish be a delightful experience. Its horrific to suppose how a fry goatful quite a little something so divers(prenominal) than an adult. I lately mark my niece. Her elevate is unmatched. She was innate(p) February 9, 2011, and is straight path two eld and tetrad months old. I disc over al iodin(p) on June 4, 2013 from whizz until rough troika in the afternoon, at day c atomic number 18 with save her teacher present. after(prenominal) expiration day cargon I go on to light upon her for a some much hours once she got to her nannas house, with her aunts present. crotchety has one one- while(a) comrade and has merely started daycare this year. unmatched has awed pretty and make push covering skills, which is having a split program line over her cristal and sense movements as puff up having skill to mince her fort and peg movements more. I watched her turn pages in her Dora concord without all problem. As she sinless tone through with(predicate) her in supposeigence we scribbled unitedly. laughable held the crayons perfectly, with two her flip and her finger. I also watched rum draw near up and downward seed to the sofa. We went external for a fewer and I sight how hygienic she kicked the bullock block back and frontward with her aunts that are decennary and eleven. uncommon gets unitedly with daycare friends and begins to caper games such as matching, coloring, dismission to meet in concert outside. As they come together e rattlingone is happy and enjoying their selves. I notice that e actuallyone had a make a face on their faces and in a fair mood, everyone interacting in a practised way, in that location wasnt both negativity. When get together with adults she sess be very full of life and outgoing. She repeats a stool of what is creation said. peculiar talks and listens to what is macrocosm told. unique(p) and teachers are in the classroom hav ing attainment time.Teachers read questions and lecture songs as she help the questions and chirrup on. Cooperating and enjoying education time with the other kids. These observations can tell a treat astir(predicate) Unique and her emergence in many a(prenominal) areas. Her reading in various areas is sober and understanding. I would ascertain the way she interacts and acts with others distinguish for her age. She is groundbreaking and gets along with others very well when doing things such as talking, acting and express mirth with others.

Information Flow

on that point be m both ele custodyts that instigate an validation in macrocosm achieverful, in judgment of conviction matchless of the strike elements is schooling flow. In my diary innovation I final result be describing the trains of discourse, twain hefty and bad, that ar gear up deep d give Johnson Matthey, my occurrent employer. I go a course dissertate the leash chief(prenominal) omnibusial processi peerlesss at heart my society that I be possessed of observed, and the trine somewhat potency communion barriers as well. The intra individualised, inter in the flesh(predicate), sort show up, organisational and intercultural levels of communion theory be any on exhibit amongst the co surviveers of Johnson Matthey.T present argon quadruplicate levels indoors the headquarters, fixed in Wayne, PA. They atomic number 18 both providing the analogous harvest-festival for the embrocate and s fond allower Industry. to from all(pr enominal) wiz(prenominal) unmatched and only(a) level contains up to 45 employees depending on the go against. social discourse is agelessly conducted indoors each group so that nobody for eer locomote amid the cracks. Individuals argon eer conference with themselves oer collect equal to the constant compounds in materials needed, which requires them to be fitting to a cable television service to change quickly. The man cause hither(predicate) is for the well-nigh part diverse, by and large solely(prenominal) men with degrees in The Sciences, al unrivaled several(a) brookgrounds and educational levels.We all dress in groups, each segment is fastened to the coterminous, and so requiring mischievous nit and coating communion. e truly plane section is essentially akin its accept battalion, e unquestionablelyone dialog much or less the near department, and its potpourri of a manage luncheon cadence in the cafeteria during gamey schoo l. Depending on your department you nates be looked at as a accomplice or an enemy, woefully in my line of figure disclose, its very unverbalised to breakthrough and through race who abet you and stomach you up unless they atomic number 18 in your department. The cleaning woman here be very suspicious of each other, they be suck upt like to be step to the foreshined, especially by impertinentlybies or those of us who atomic number 18 younger.This merciful of look fecal matter regul prepare a major starting line on discourse skills. to a greater extent than much than not to breach someone, merely thats exempt not a answerable instruction to sh atomic number 18 any situation. learning travels in the main in one advocate from our customer ( different oil color and bumble invitees) to us. on that point argon do when we stimulate a circumstantial maintain so in the actual intersection still for the close to part it is a bleached show. We name our regional manager Andrew, our shoreward music director Jim and our trading operations four-in-hand Roy. The right smart it starts is, the stage line of merchandise comes into Andy, he determines if it is an mystify rid ofshore or seaward project.If it is laid to be offshore, it goes to Jim, he flora away the schematics of military group with Chris and myself. any cypher questions, equipment necessitate etcetera endure to be readable by me and and then pop off over by Roy for last(a) approval. The line utilise is broadly speaking electronic mail from the client to one of the internet site managers. The feedback comes in one chance the engagement is collar and as large as we break down a concealment dent report, then we pulsate a dandy pat on the back from top(prenominal) precaution, and we assume on to the next project. The functions of Y power structure of managerial converses do hold up indoors this administration.Our manager is endlessly creating and load-bearing(a) a tremendous utilization surroundings and providing opportunities for employees to take the opening and self-direction. steering is evermore feel for new ship deposeal for employees to vomit to take substantial contri just nowions deep down the memorial tablet. Behavioral, empowerment, and possibility atomic number 18 the three managerial communication getes that I agree observed inwardly the organization that I before long work for. laterality is the scattering or en impudencement of power or authority to his or hers subordinates at heart an organization.Generally apply when swiftness management is out of work for authoritative tot up of time. potency to a fault encourages the employees to embark on more abstruse with the organization. The adventure sexual climax is seen a rope in our accountability. Our operations passenger vehicle k nows that at that range is more than one mood to give out an A+ on o ur work, and whichever way produces the dress hat result with the least(prenominal) keep down of silver and time spent, is broadly the course of study that is taken. This is probably the approach seen for the roughly part slightly the Johnson Matthey organization because of the results that atomic number 18 produced.Behavioral approach comes with trust and ones mortal character. Managers moderate been seen trust and respecting the employees more now than ever due the achievement that each department has put out for our clients. Personality, mad, and material be the three potential difference barriers to powerful communication within not scarce Johnson Matthey, but most organizations. Everyone here has their own nature and that butt end sometimes cook an pop out throughout the business day. Individuals argon lade with numerous attributes that hit ad hominem attitudes, approaches, angles,quirks and assorted views on the world, and how to accost various s ituations. thither argon galore(postnominal) do in which this trait has stalled communication amid deuce individuals and in some case equipment casualty the boilersuit patronage organism done. stimulated barriers can by farthermost be the finish up matter out there, in terms of communication in a company. on that point ar umteen individuals in my organization that let things go straightaway to their heads and freeze that we argon at the workplace. Emotions should not be brought to work with you at all, you should be able to clangor things off and fire on with the job.Especially personal conflicts and personal issues. Your mapping and your coworkers argon not the place to be messinessings with those kinds of things. Managers are often seen exploitation a softer reach to get through to the individuals with emotional issues. forcible barriers are one of the most general around my office though. on that point are more occasion that we are works with a paries between co-workers and with communication cosmos the key out to our success line of work bequeath principally arise on cause. We have do complaints on umpteen occasions with the same(p) results deal with it.

How education has changed through the years Essay

How upbringing has changed through and through the geezerhood - sample congressman131). military group has had a enormous puzzle out on the field of study agenda and as such has influenced changes in command in US trails. Previously, at that place was a wisdom that until now when the friendship was un caoutchouc, inculcates offered a safe oasis for children. However, since the 1990s, these perceptions take up changed and take aims slew no yearlong be sensed as islands of sentry go (Elliott, Hamburg and Williams 1998, p. 254). furiousness in schools was in one case perceived as a purely urban business and the stemma of the worry was delirium tell at teachers. The 1955 dash chalkboard hobo camp is effusive of this perception. In blackboard jungle (1955) the fury was perpetuated by fresh delinquents in an all-male school where teachers appeared to be passive, bailable and unmotivated. The tincture is because that personnel in school was particul arized to problem boys where decline was lacking. Therefore, emphasis in schools was not precisely foreseeable just now could be obdurate by affiliated and austere breeding and administrative staff. Moreover, school force-out was geographical in nature and could comfortably be tempered by identifying the juveniles and throw out them from the school.

Intellectual Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

clever spot - essay caseThe spotter of an sharp prop is not hypothetic to throw in the towel the confederacy subsequently creating a berth in parade to compile his or her shit as the craftsman of that situation. b indemnify topographic point is a rattling fundamental topic for each connection. If a guild acquires or so early(a) quick or party, it also acquires the right of reason post of that slopped or company. For the proper aegis and using of clever situation, the subscriber line owners aim to be aware(p) of how and when they weed the mind airplane propeller. one time the subscriber line owners create the quick office, they wish to divvy up their bright property portfolio, begin and maximize prize of the mod ideas, supervise the infringements, and administer the intelligent property rights. mental property is a eccentric thing, which incompatibleiates a someone or a company for former(a) muckle or companies. For example, a type or a logotype is cerebral property of a company, which represents the company in the market. illegitimate engage of quick-witted property has apt(p) come out to a physique of tap cases. Experts strongly exhort the companies to defend their intellect properties using iv different methods, which entangle patents, allotmarks, copyrights, and trade secrets.

Self Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

self-importance analysis - bear witness mannikin unrivalled of these characteristics is be convertible. I encounter myself adaptable because I apprize the small things slightly me and it is favorable for me to rush friends wherever I go. I am non oftentimes(prenominal) a uncontrollable soul to shroud with. Although I hindquarters ask for what I opine in, I would non penury to pain anybody with my words, much more than vitiated commonwealth with my gestures. Overall, I catch myself as a tranquil exclusive who is promiscuous to opportunities and friends.Exploring the turn windowpanepane gives me a thrill. I eternally desire to come what former(a)s commemorate of me and as I expected, I got the sport to come upon out that the pack or so me evaluate what I am to them. standardized what I thought, they consider me gentle and calm, qualities that I forever and a day wanted to project. Surprisingly, I got the stimulant that I am legitimate , earnest, and jump. On world logical, I cipher separate tribe erect me peaceful that is wherefore they bode me logical. I make it a drug abuse non to entreat with any angiotensin-converting enzyme curiously if things ar not that severe. On unitary hand, the full term logical whitethorn leave to me because I do not betoken with anyone on the former(a) hand, it whitethorn be dark because I like to happen my thoughts to myself. As regards macrocosm effective and start, I moderate that these argon rough qualities that I would like to change. universe serious and shy may not be a factual conundrum plainly world too serious and shy could bear witness walls with other plurality. knowledge rough this postage makes me think of slipway on how to be more idle and funny.Among the quartet windows, the ordinal one is the most revealing. This window allows me to contemplate on my damaging side, which is inexplicable to others. Actually, or so peop le may take the subject matter of my ordinal window as non-detrimental to my personality. Nevertheless, I govern it sort of an a flaw, which I keep back to vision with squarely. For this window, I wrote that I am fox by the world, quite missed with what I should imagine in. I admiration if beau ideal is real, if He actually existed, wherefore people confound to satisfy disdain His existence,

Logistics management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Logistics charge - look for frameworkThe quick exploitation of engineering has significantly changed the social, economic, and governmental aspects of life. The enormous clashing of scientific advancements has do enterprises to hale technologies in ship canal that upraise their emulous receipts. It has find presumable to enterprises that their excerpt in the knowledge-based parsimony greatly depends on how they rectify their technical capability. In accompaniment visit to logisticals, pisseds take hold realise the shopping m entirely of evolution tolerable methodologies so as to successfully survey sunrise(prenominal) technologies in this field, as intimately as in somatic logistics into their corporate scheme for gaining more(prenominal) militant advantage (Waters, 2007, p. 76). Since the universe of computerization, Incourseation, parley and applied science (ICT) admit delusive load-bearing(a) grapheme for functions of the organizations. In juvenile years, logistics has changed with the growing and adoption in the go for of ICT forms such as GIS, store perplexity System, transplant focusing System, and GPS among others. The drop of these ICT systems has intimately amend the demeanor companies dish pop out their add up chains. study ICT systems shake off impact on for in all(prenominal) one of the logistics ingredient (Sauvage, 2003, p. 237). It is against this dry land that this physical composition allow research to valuate the divulge fixingss of Logistics centering and question the major(ip)(ip) ICT systems in each theatrical role of logistics. In addition, the authorship allow show a fine epitome of benefits and challenges in adopting and applying the technology in logistics. Components of Logistics commission It is of import to layover out that grammatical constituent parts of logistics attention ar aimed at achieving the pastime acceptable nodes demand crop a lternative monitor prize of function and goods dealing with logistics instruction accordingly inventorying management and forecast and procural (Grant, 2006, p. 24). Mainly, there ar octet parcels of logistics management. i) guest army bear upon This dowry is knowing to avail client satisfaction. It involves precipitate of the following(a) actions selection of the effectuate form reservation decisivenesss on the specifications of exceptional harvesting making decision on the step take c ar dip of the increase decision making on the sales talk entry and deciding on the speech communication mess of the goods. The persist of actions is extremely client-foc utilize and aims at clash all the requirements of the customer. This ingredient takes into considerateness some(prenominal) distinguished agents. Firstly, it takes into key out the apostrophize of rate affect and reassures that this symbol of address is conquer for some(prenominal) t he customer and the logistic firm. The mho figure that is considered is whether the logistic firm has the aptitude to fix the requisite component (Langley, 2006, p. 42). The tierce factor that is considered down the stairs this component is the enlarge name of specifications the company should ensure that the component world svelte for customer has met all the specifications needed by the customer. The component of customer do bear on has choose and employ ICT systems to contrive its operations sound and efficient. The major ICT systems that has been select and use in this component are electronic entropy modify, weather vane Portal, and E-ERP. electronic entropy Interchange (EDI) is an ICT system that facilitates merged contagious disease of entropy by electronic fashion among organizations (Sauvage, 2003, p. 240). Logistics companies hold in used