American Homefront During World War II Essay -- American History

The American home front during manhood War II is recalled warmly in popular memory and cultural myth as a time of unprecedented national unity, years in which Americans stuck together in common cause. World War II brought galore(postnominal) new ideas and changes to American life. Even though World War II brought no physical destruction to the United States mainland, it did sham American society. eery aspect of American life was altered by U.S. involvement in the war including demographics, the labor force, economics and cultural trends.During the Great Depression, the American birth rate had fallen to an all-time low due to delayed marriages and parenthood. In the 1940s, there was a population growth of 19 million, which doubled the encouragement of the 1930s. However, in 1957, America experienced a baby boom, and by 1957 the population increased by 29 million. The rising birthrate was the dominant factor in affecting population growth (text, 847). Along with the escalate d birth rate was an upsurge of divorces due to problems with separation and infidelity. In 1945, more than half a million marriages were turn (Bailey, 147). The death rate was on the decline and life expectancy rose during this period. New medical developments were made with the federal funding of medical research in which penicillin and streptomycin were developed. These advancements in medicine cured many bacterial infections and severe illnesses. Later, in 1952, Jonas Salk introduced a polio vaccine. There was a vast migratory pattern of many Americans during this time period. During the 1940s, millions of African-Americans moved from the South to the North in search of industrial opportunities. As a result of this migration, a third of all black Amer... ...ing apologue of the Good War (Adams, 2). While the war changed the lives of every American, the most notable changes were that in demographics, the labor force, economic prosperity and cultural trends. Adams, Mi chael C.C. The Best War Ever America and World War IIJohns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD 1994Bailey, Ronald H. The Home Front, U.S.A. Time-Life Publishing, Chicago, IL. 1978Bard, Mitchell G. The Complete Idiots Guide to world War II, Macmillan Publishing, New York, New York, 1999Duis, Perry 0 The War in American Culture, The University of Chicago Press, 1994Schultz, Stanley K. American History 102 Civil War to the PresentCopyright 1999 Board of regents of the University of Wisconsin http//us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/lectures/lecture21.html

The Crusade for Equal Rights in the United States Essay -- American Hi

The struggle for equal rights has been an ongoing issue in the United States. For most of the twentieth century Americans worked toward equality. Through demonstrations, protests, riots, and parades citizens have made demands and voiced their concerns for equal rights. For the first time minority groups were banding together to achieve the American dream of liberty and justice for all. Whether it was equality for wo hands, politics, minorities, or the economy the battle was usually well worth the outcome. I have chosen articles that discuss some of the struggles, voyages, and triumphs that have occurred. The mass discussed in the following articles represent only a portion of those who suffered. The first speech that I chose was written by Martin Luther office Jr. in declination 1955. The speech was given in Montgomery, Alabama and spoke to African-Americans who gathered in protest after the arrest of Rosa Parks. She refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a city bus and was subsequently arrested. The African-American community decided to protest the decision and a mass taunt ensued. According to Foner, Martin Luther King Jr. invoked Christian and American ideals of justice and democracy in his speeches. (901) King used these themes to address the protestors and spoke of Rosa Parks character, morals, and integrity. Martin Luther King Jr. was a national symbol of the civil rights struggle and advocated for the African-American community by protesting in a non-violent manner. The demonstrations and protests that were led by King evoked the lack of freedom, justice, and equality that African-Americans endured. Even with all of the injustices that occurred, African-Americans were proud to be American and use... ...rations. Segregation, which was once considered the norm, is immediately a thing of the past because of such demonstrations. Women were considered inferior to men and were forced to stay at home in the traditional role of housewife until the 1960s. The fact that women united together for equality allowed them to become active in politics, professional roles, and have control over their own bodies. Protestors in the 90s brought attention to inequality on a different level. The environment and economic inequality were now pressing issues. Demonstrations brought public attention to environmental, global, and economic issues. Without unity from these groups the United States would be a completely different country. It is with great admiration that I discuss the events and struggles that these population endured, for I dont know if I would have the courage to do the same.

Pietro DiDonato’s Christ in Concrete Essay -- Essays Papers

Pietro DiDonatos Christ in Concrete Pietro DiDonatos Christ in Concrete is a muscular narrative of the struggles and culture of New Yorks Italian immigrant laborers in the early twentieth century. Jerre Mangione and Ben Morreale, in their historical work La Storia, state that Never forwards or since has the aggravation of the Italian immigrant been more bluntly expressed by a novelist (368). A central component of this aggravation, both for DiDonato as an former and for his protagonist capital of Minnesota, is the struggle to reconcile traditional religious beliefs and customs with the failure of that very same faith to provide any tangible improvement in the immigrants lives. Through Pauls experience, we observe the Catholic institutions lose influence and effectiveness as Capitalist ones, manifest in Job, take their place. While doing this, DiDonato as well as illustrates essential aspects of Italian (specifically southern) Catholicism and the pressures placed upon it by the Am erican environment. The novel opens by introducing Pauls father Geremio, his mother Annunziata, and Job. Geremio is a construction bunch supervisor who struggles to improve his familys condition, and even though he has been making progress, he still wonders how much more will be exacted from him. A conscientiously faithful man, he asks God for guidance Is it not possible to breathe Gods air without fear dominating the pall of unemployment? And the terror of deed for political boss, Boss, and Job? To rebel is to lose all of the very little. To be obedient is to choke. O dear Lord, guide my path (13). Geremio articulates the conflict he feels between Boss and Job, which rules his earthly life, and the struggle of his spirit. The pressures have not crushed his faith,... ...ave either seen, survived, or know of. Yet, when they need serve up, there is nowhere else to turn. Paul doesnt arrive at Job, doesnt decide to dedicate his life to it, as his first choice. He only does so afte r other institutions, namely the Church, fail to provide assistance. As a result, Job naturally becomes the central all-powerful force in the lives of the laborers. It is to Job they go every day, and to Job that they dedicate themselves. As the Church failed to help them materially, it also often fails to help them spiritually beyond encouraging them to accept their plight as fate. Once arrived at this state, it is a natural consequence that Paul loses his faith God and the Catholic institution as they are supplanted by the Capitalist institution of Job. Though he resents and wishes to break free from Job, he sees no alternative, it is all that is left to him.

Finding Happiness in Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

Finding Happiness in Great Expectations Great Expectations is a coming of age novel. This novel is a story of daub and his initial dreams and resulting disappointments that eventually lead him to becoming a genuinely good man. During his journey into adulthood, take comes to realize two diverse concepts of macrocosm a human race and he comes to find the real gentlemen in his life arent the people he had thought. Encouraged by Mrs. Joe and Pumblechook, as a child speckle entertains fantasies of becoming a gentleman. In the eyes of Pip a gentleman is to be wealthy, educated and have a high class, thus Pips desires. In his mind, Pip has connected the ideas of moral, social, and educational advancement so that each depends on the others. The coarse and cruel Drummle, a member of the upper class, provides Pip with proof that social advancement has no inherent connection to intelligence or moral worth. Drummle is a lout who has inherited immense wealth, while Pips fri end and brother-in-law Joe is a good man who works disenfranchised for the little he earns. Significantly Pips life as a gentleman is no more satisfying--and certainly no more moral--than his previous life as a blacksmiths apprentice. Pips desires for educational proceeds have deep connections to his social ambition and longing to marry Estella a full education is a requirement of being a gentleman so he thinks. As long as he is an ignorant country boy, he has no hope of social advancement. Pip understands this fact as a child, when he learns to read at Mr. Wopsles aunts school, and as a young man, when he takes lessons from Matthew Pocket. Ultimately, through the examples of Joe, Biddy, and Magwitch, Pip learns that social and educational improvement are irrelevant to ones real worth and that conscience and affection are to be valued above sophistication and social standing. This new understanding shows Pip who the real gentlemen are. As Pip grows in age he grow s in wisdom and his true identity unfolds as he discovers what it means to be a gentleman. When Pip was young, he knew only of the stereotypical figures of a gentleman. However, Pip comes to the realization that wealth and class are less important than affection, loyalty, and inner worth.

To What Degree Might Different Languages Shape In Their Speakers Differ

To What Degree Might Different Languages Shape In Their Speakers Different Concepts Of Themselves And The World? What Are The Implications Of Such Differences For Knowledge? The difference in terminologys can sheath incompatible perceptions of various cultures leading to distinctions or possible clashes. When I lived in France I faced some of the problems a language barrier can take a leak. The around common and at the same time most irritating problem of language is the inability to translate word for word as some quarrel just put one acrosst have a direct translation into another language. These are normally colloquialisms for example up the apples and pears does not translate into monter les pommes et les poires. This would ca wont people to look at you in a very strange manner wondering what on earth you were talking about and its not only verbal language which creates different perceptions of people. Body language, such as hand movements and voice intonation can determin e or change souls perception of a culture. The following paragraphs will expatiate the direction language can be misconstrued. The first point I would like to illustrate is the way body language can have different effects on people. For example, in England the use of hands when you are speaking is quite rare, the uncommon movement of the hand may be seen but the most common use of hand signals or motions is when someone is making an insult. I will use the Italians as an example of at times exaggerated and frequent use of hands. The Italians often use their hands as a way of secondary communication. As they speak they dramatise their conversations which can be mistakenly perceived by some people as confrontation when in fact they are having a simple conversation. This is where the lack of knowledge of a culture can cause a mis disposition. Another example of communication which can cause raised eyebrows is the way the French acknowledge one another is doing something called the b ises. This is where they give a kiss on each cheek. (Depending on the region this could be two, three even quartette kisses.) It is considered rude to just verbally greet someone so the bises is the norm for them. However when they are out of their country they could receive strange looks because people dont understand their reasons and therefore could be perceived that French m... ...age on the planet, or to speak the universal language of Esperanto created in 1887 by Dr. Zamenhof which, if possible would constitute an end to our cultural differences how boring In conclusion, each country has the knowledge and understanding of its own culture and will therefore have a different perception of foreign cultures due to the possible lack of understanding. The argument someone can only fully understand another culture if they speak their language is I believe true. Language can not always be translated directly so the only way to fully understand a notion of a culture is to speak tha t language learning the subtle nuances. Ignorance, I believe causes misunderstanding, take for instance when Brits go on holiday unable to hollow another language yet believing that everyone should understand them sometimes coming across as arrogant and rude. Understanding a culture needs patience, understanding and open mindedness. Respecting one-anothers differences can allows us to live together in harmony irrespective of our cultural upbringing and beliefs. I believe differences alleviate boredom as life would be mundane if we were all the same.

To What Degree Might Different Languages Shape In Their Speakers Differ

To What Degree Might Different Languages Shape In Their Speakers Different Concepts Of Themselves And The World? What atomic number 18 The Implications Of Such Differences For Knowledge? The difference in languages terminate ca mathematical function different perceptions of various cultures leading to distinctions or possible clashes. When I lived in France I face up some of the problems a language barrier can cause. The most common and at the same time most irritating problem of language is the unfitness to translate word for word as some words just dont have a direct translation into another language. These atomic number 18 normally colloquialisms for example up the apples and pears does not translate into monter les pommes et les poires. This would cause raft to look at you in a very strange manner inquire what on earth you were talking about and its not wholly verbal language which creates different perceptions of people. Body language, such as progress movements and go intonation can determine or change someones perception of a culture. The following paragraphs will illustrate the way language can be misconstrued. The first point I would like to illustrate is the way body language can have different effects on people. For example, in England the use of hands when you ar talking is quite rare, the odd movement of the hand may be seen but the most common use of hand signals or motions is when someone is making an insult. I will use the Italians as an example of at times exaggerated and frequent use of hands. The Italians often use their hands as a way of secondary communication. As they speak they dramatise their conversations which can be mis meetnly perceived by some people as confrontation when in fact they are having a simple conversation. This is where the lack of knowledge of a culture can cause a misunderstanding. some other example of communication which can cause raised eyebrows is the way the French acknowledge one another is doing som ething called the bises. This is where they give a kiss on each(prenominal) cheek. (Depending on the region this could be two, three even four kisses.) It is considered rude to just verbally greet someone so the bises is the norm for them. However when they are out of their country they could receive strange looks because people dont understand their reasons and therefore could be perceived that French m... ...age on the planet, or to speak the universal language of Esperanto created in 1887 by Dr. Zamenhof which, if possible would bring an end to our cultural differences how boring In conclusion, each country has the knowledge and understanding of its let culture and will therefore have a different perception of foreign cultures due to the possible lack of understanding. The argument someone can only fully understand another culture if they speak their language is I believe true. Language can not always be translated directly so the only way to fully understand a concept of a c ulture is to speak that language learning the subtle nuances. Ignorance, I believe causes misunderstanding, take for instance when Brits go on holiday unable to comprehend another language yet believing that everyone should understand them sometimes coming across as arrogant and rude. Understanding a culture needs patience, understanding and open mindedness. Respecting one-anothers differences can allows us to live together in harmony no matter of our cultural upbringing and beliefs. I believe differences alleviate boredom as life would be mundane if we were all the same.

The green mile

The green mile BY ajW0215 The Green Mile In the year 1999, Director Frank Darabont released The Green Mile, written by Stephen King (Novel) and Frank Darabont (Screenplay). The main characters include Paul Edgecomb (Tom Hanks and Dabbs Greer), Brutus Brutal Howell (David Morse), Percy Wetmore (Doug Hutchison), and flush toilet Coffey (Michael Clarke Duncan). The movie starts out with the protagonist (Old Paul Edgecomb) recalling his memory of his time as a prison house guard in the Great Depression (Green Mile).He recalls the year 1935 as he year his bladder infection was the worst it had ever been (Green Mile). He then(prenominal) negotiation of the first day that he had met John Coffey Just like the drink only not spelled the same, (Green Mile). He then proceeds to talk about the awing things that started happening in and around Death Row Block E like his bladder infection getting cured, a mouse coming subscribe to life, a cure for a tumor, and finally the insanity punishment t hat one of the guards and a certain inmate so rightly deserved (Green Mile).Once he is make with his story, it is found that he is one undred and eight days old and still has many, many more years to go thanks to John Coffey, a really gifted man who was executed in 1935 for the rape and killing of two innocent little girls (Green Mile). He was found to be innocent during the story save only the viewer gets to know that part (Green Mile). The Story artfully ties nursing home life of an old prison guard to that of an inmate on conclusion row. The Green Mile talks about segregation and open and shut cases. The movie also touches on the historic lack of delay before an execution, in particular in those involving an AfricanAmerican. In the nursing home, Paul is confined to the premises by walls and rules, both of which he habitually breaks. Rules he breaks by eating white kale every day while the rules dictate he should be eating healthy. He breaks the walls by taking long walks e very day, even though it is set(p) that he needs to stay within the confines of the building. The staff is concerned, but tends to turn a blind eye. This is a direct contrast to his life as a guard on death row, where he was surrounded by alleged law breakers who were forced to stay within the confines of their cells until he day they were to die.It is allegorical in that he is also confined to this life until the day he is to die. Segregation was illustrated by how everyone took one look at John and declared him guilty Just because he was black and they could easily compare him to a dog gone rogue they never stopped to listen to his position of the story. In this film, we can assume that if it had been a white man who was found at the scene of the murder, then they would have listened to whatever he had to say and he may have gotten a very different ruling.The illiteracy of blacks comes in when Paul is surprised to hear that John can spell his name, he then asks for John to spell his name and proceeds to interrupt him in the middle of the first name. When the townspeople find John with the two raped and dead girls, they forthwith put him to trial and prosecute him. This went to show how officials werent doing a full police investigation if they could present enough evidence that someone could easily find their somebody guilty, not to mention that if nobody wanted to look at all of the evidence hey didnt nave to.The entire time period tor the memory in this tilm is only a tew weeks between John getting convicted and John getting executed whereas in todays legal system in the United States, a minimum often years transpires before an execution can happen. Assuming the defendant is convicted in a state that still allows capital punishment the defendant has many appeals before versatile or sometimes the same courts to determine if they truly are guilty, if a life sentence is better, or if the decision can be overturned.

How Tim O’Brien Shows the Negative Side of Vietnam Essay

In Tim OBriens The Things They Carried, OBrien dialogue virtually every endure(predicate) the parts of the Vietnam War. It bases all the horrors and negative sides of the struggle and what it pot do to work force. Many men lose their lives as well as their best friends and comrades. War in like manner changes the sol get aroundrs into something else thats non themselves, something evil. The Things They Carried shows the negative side of war through the imagery of the shit matter, the rational affects of the war, the hatred that can be shown by each person, the way war changes people, and the outrage of companions.In the shitfield one give ears everything that is disconsolate slightly the war. Its dirty and gooy and its vindicatory depressing all around. While in the field the soldiers are bombarded my artillery fire so they have to sink into the muck to hide themselves. One of the soldiers, Kiowa, get downs hit with one of the shells. Norman Bowker tries to pull him out of the muck but he cannot. All the men try to pull him out but they cannot. They lose a friend in Kiowa, who is lost and buried in the field, and it scars all the men for life especially when they try to pull him out of the muck. The loss of a good friend stings for OBrien.OBrien even says that he went down with Kiowa that day and he lost a part of himself in that field. Everyone lost a part of themselves there. OBrien describes what he saw of Kiowa as he was going down under the muck. Kiowa was almost completely under. There was a knee. There was an arm and a gold wristwatch and part of a gripe. There were bubbles where Kiowas head shouldve been (OBrien 168). OBrien going down with Kiowa shows that there are other negative effects such as mental ones.The mental effects of the war are excessively very negative in The Things They Carried. War messes with peoples heads and Tim OBrien shows it in his book. I couldnt pause I couldnt lie still (Chen 77). This is a fountain of al l the blood and gore the soldier has seen. And this doesnt just speak for the one soldier who state it, it speaks for all the soldiers. The number one stage is not being fitted to sleep, the next stage is losing your composure.Then men start to rifle paranoid during the war and some go crazy. Rat Kiley is a good example of this. He is a medic and he starts to go crazy. He says he hears noises in the night that arent there. He says that he hears the voices of the people dying at night. OBrien thinks its from all the gore and blood he sees day in and day out and its just getting to him but either way he loses it. Rat tells someone he is going to shoot himself so he can get out of there because of an injury. The next morning he shot himself (OBrien 223). Rat Kileys plan works and he gets to leave, but he apologizes to all the men for losing it and in turn they dont rat him out for what he did. Not only does the war mess with peoples heads during the war but alike at other times.The mental effects also extend to after the war. The awful memories of war stick with some of the men long after they return home from the war. The post war stress is too much for Norman Bowker. He finds that when he returns home that its not the same to him and he cannot find his place in society. He feels empty inside and ever since the shitfield he feels incomplete. The lingering memory of not being able to pull Kiowa out of the muck sticks with him.He feels that he died there with Kiowa and this causes him to be depressed. He often talks about it with his dad saying that he wishes he could have pulled harder to get Kiowa out but he just couldnt because of the smell. Norman wrote Tim OBrien a letter about his last book. He said it was very good book but that he should have put a chapter in about the shitfield. OBrien finds out that eight months later Norman killed himself. Normans writes OBrien a letter saying there was no letter and he hung himself with a jump rope.Tim OBrien kills a man while hes in Vietnam. He still feels the effects of killing the man and the guilt years later. He remembers it very well when his daughter asks him a foreland. The question was if he had ever killed someone. OBriens guilt over the man he kills comes from questions his daughter asks him about the war. He feels the sting years later (Martin 2). OBrien also revisits the site of the shitfield with his daughter. He starts to remember all the high-risk things that happened and it hurts him. OBrien hates the bad memories he hates a lot of things.Some of the men start to show hatred toward people who usually arent hateful. The men start to turn on each other in stressful situations when they would have never through with(p) it before. Lee Strunk and Dave Jensen got into a fistfight. It was about something stupid, a missing jackknife, but even so the fight was vicious. Strunks hooter made a kinky snapping sound, like a firecracker (OBrien 62). The men show hatred in the fight and over nothing important at all. In other dower it mightve ended there. But this was Vietnam, where guys carried guns, and Dave Jensen started to worry. It was mostly in his head (OBrien 62-63). Dave Jensen starts to get paranoid and he hates Strunk for it. One afternoon he began firing his weapon into the air, shout Strunks name. late that same night he borrowed a pistol, gripped it by the barrel, and used it like a hammer to break his own nose (OBrien 63). This just shows how hate is a part of Vietnam. OBrien also shows hate toward some of his comrades.In a firefight OBrien gets shot and needs help from the new-sprung(prenominal) medic Bobby Jorgenson, but Jorgenson freezes because hes too afraid and forgets to treat OBrien for shock. This causes him much more pain over the months because the wound wasnt case-hardened right and in time. OBrien hates Jorgenson for it. I wanted to hurt Bobby Jorgenson the way hed hurt me (OBrien 200). Months later OBrien and Jorgenson talk. OBrie n realizes that Jorgenson is really uncollectible and he cant bring himself to say how he feels about it and just says its ok. I hated him for making me stop hating him (OBrien 200). This isnt like OBrien to be hateful. He has become something hes not.The war changes the men into bad things, things that arent themselves. OBrien talk about how the war changes himself and his personality at times. Id come to this war a quiet, thoughtful sort of person. Id turned mean inside. Even a shortsighted cruel at times. Its a hard thing to admit, even to myself, but I was capable of evil (OBrien 200). OBrien also talks about how one comes over innocent and but one leaves with a different identity. You come over clean and you get dirty and then later on its never the same (OBrien 114). Other authors talk about how OBrien shows the physical and mental devastation caused by the war. Nowhere in The Things They Carried does OBrien rationalise more clearly the psychic devastation wrought by warti me trauma (Neilson 193). One sees the effect of the trauma even if the characters previous personalities arent known. The killing also has a big affect on OBrien.OBrien also talks about how the man he kills changes him because it is such a big nap to take a life. The author describes the soldier he kills. He describes everything from his wounds to his figure. He was a slim, dead, almost dainty juvenility man of about twenty. He coiffure at the center of the red clay trail near the village of My Khe. His jaw was in his throat. His eye was shut, the other eye was a star regulate hole. I killed him. (OBrien 203). Once OBrien killed this man he was broken in to Vietnam. He no longer was clean, he was now dirty. His first kill hastens his loss of innocence (Herzog 133). The soldiers in the war arent the only ones who were changed by Vietnam.One soldier brings his girlfriend from the states to visit him in Vietnam. He has her flown in through load planes and brought to his camp. At f irst she is glad to see her boyfriend and one can tell they are in love because they spend every minute together. She begins to get curious though and wonders off camp many a(prenominal) times to explore. Then one night she goes missing and she is gone for a couple of days. She returns with the super acidies or Green Berets. She tells him not to ask and not to worry about it and acts like she has done nothing wrong. This happens many other times and the soldier can tell that he is beginning to lose her.When she begins disappearing with the greenies and taking part in the night ambushes, she melts into a small, soft shadow (Chen 90). She becomes something she originally wasnt. Mary Anne starts to become one with Vietnam and she totally forgets about her boyfriend. In the end she is lost forever to Vietnam. It becomes impossible to distinguish between Mary Anne and Vietnam (Chen 91). Her boyfriend loses her and she is lost to Vietnam. Just one of many casualties of the war. But in h is final story OBrien moves from his concern with moral corruption and war to one even more universally human closing (OGorman 306). OBrien also loses many things in the war.The worst part of the Vietnam War that OBrien shows is his loss of companions and friends. The author talks many times about his comrades throughout the book. He loses many people close to him personally and physically. There are five deceases in the novel. Ted Lavender, Curt Lemon, Kiowa, Linda, and the slim Vietcong soldier (Martin 1). The worst is the loss of his good friend.OBrien loses his good and best friend there, Kiowa, in the shitfield. This death is the most devastating to him because of how it happened in the muck and because he was a good friend. Kiowa was gone. He was under the bollocks up and water, folded in with the war Kiowas death actually makes him a part of the shitfield (Chen 93). It is also very devastating because all of the men feel guilt about it because they couldnt pull him out in t ime to possibly save him. Kiowas death is also pointless and has no purpose except to cause pain to his friends. In the story of Kiowas death, we find a combination of senselessness of war with the guilt that must be carried by other (Martin 2). This death affects everyone in the platoon but not all deaths are gruesome and ugly.An accident kills one of the young men, named Curt Lemon, and its described by OBrien as an almost beautiful death.They were just goofing. There was a noise, I supposed, which mustve been the detonator, so I glanced behind me and watched Lemon step from the shade into bright temperateness.when he died it was almost beautiful, the way the sunlight came around him and lifted him up and sucked him high into a tree full of moss and vines and white blossoms. (OBrien 70)The two soldiers are just playing a simple game and it all ends so suddenly. He is playing a game with another soldier, a game of toss with a smoke grenade, when he accidentally steps on a landmine (Martin 2). Lemon and OBrien werent as good as friends as him and Kiowa but it was a bothersome death because Lemon was so young. OBrien speaks of him stepping into the light, and then the blast sucks him up into the trees.what bothers OBrien is that Curt Lemon is just a kid (Martin 2). The death isnt all-beautiful. OBrien describes the mess that is made by the accident. The white bone of an arm.pieces of skin and something wet and yellow that mustve been the intestines (OBrien 89). Another casualty happens because of bad luck.Lee Strunk dies in battle during a firefight. OBrien describes the wound that Strunk gets. In October Lee Strunk stepped on a rigged mortar round. It took off his right thole at the knee.then he panicked. He tried to get up and run, but there was nothing left to run on (OBrien 65). Strunk didnt die right away but not all death occur right after the accident happens. Later we heard that Strunk died somewhere over Chu Lai (OBrien 66). The last death happens be cause of carelessness.Ted Lavender was always doped up and this in the end leads to his death. While going to the bathroom in the woods Lieutenant fall into place is reverie and not keeping watch for enemy soldiers. While coming back from his bathroom break Lavender is shot in the head and killed on the spot. Cross never forgives himself for his death because he was daydreaming about girls and one of his men was killed. Several incidents in The Things They Carried reveal moments when the male soldiers cannot communicate with one another (Vernon 171). expiry is only a small part of the whole picture.Tim OBrien shows many of the negative sides of the war to the reader in ways that the reader can see how bad war is. He uses the examples of his friends dying, the whole ordeal in the shitfield, how war changes the men including the mental effects, and by showing how hateful one can become because of the stressful situations and the things one sees. OBrien feels that he has to show all the negative sides of the war because he never wanted to go to war in the first place. Men go to war to fight battle that could be worked out peacefully and they fight and die for no reason. He feels that war is a bad thing and wants to show the reader that its a terrible thing and he does this very well. Even today war is a problem. Many young men are dying for no reason and it needs to stop.Works CitedChen, Tina. Unraveling the Deeper Meaning Exile and the Embodied poetics ofDisplacement in Tim OBriens The Things They Carried. Contemporary literature 29.1 (spring 1998) 77-98.Herzog, Tobey C. Vietnam War Stories Innocence Lost. London Routledge, 1992.Martin, Paul L. 24 March, 2008.http//plmartinwrite.blogspot.com/2007/11/things-they-carried.htmlNeilson, Jim. Warring Fictions. Mississippi University Press of Mississippi, 1998OBrien, Tim. The Things They Carried. New York Broadway Books, 1990.OGorman, Farrel. The Things They Carried as a complicated Novel. War, Lit, and theArts.Ve rnon, Alex. Salvation, Storytelling and Pilgrimage in Tim OBriens the Things TheyCarried. Mosaic (Winnipeg) 36.4 (2003) 171+. Questia. 19 Mar. 2008.

High Crime Neighborhood

Living in high-crime neighborhoods has a salient impact on how neighbors socialize with each other. It either brings them together to fight against hysteria or torn them apart because the military unit is promoted among other neighbors. Neighborhood environment serves as a source of socialization, mainly for adolescents. Being exposed to different behavioral models or cultural ideas, disadvantaged neighborhoods ar thought to influence how young people make decisions about education, employment and relationships (Hackney, 2011).Adolescents interacting with older people that are unemployed, non going to school and involved in crimes can expose them to cultural models that violate social rules and norms. As mentioned in the article it became a street culture that arguments are too often settled only when a body ends up on a slab in the morgue (Hackney, 2011, p. 3). Cultural values are not respected and instead of having dispute-resolution skills and anger management, violence mos t likely becomes the mien of life and solving problems.Socialization is what allows us to be skilled in the shipway of the culture we were born into, however, if violence is what one was born into or grew up into that is what they will learn and do. The very fabric of our community has changed, violence has become refreshing by many due to its fast increasing rate but we have to do better (Hackney, 2011). Numerous crimes in neighborhoods destroy socialization although violence is not taught among cultures it could be acquired by its young members if seen promoted by older adults.During adolescence is when youths are developing and exploring new ways of socializing with older adults and that could be dangerous if they are hanging out with the wrong crowd. Young people are highly influenced by their surroundings and if violence is promoted that is what they will learn as a result. disdain the negative impact of violence in neighborhoods it also brings neighbors to work close toget her in finding solutions for the problem and making their neighborhoods a safer place for their children to formulate up and become decent citizens.In Detroit the murder rate has increased and many innocent people were killed by random violence. Public safety plays a great role in socialization therefore the city developed plan to strengthen neighborhoods and improve safety (Hackney, 2011, p. 3). The police patrols were reinforced and many cases were closed with tips from citizens and wet police work.There were programs to get youths engaged in activities other then hanging out in the streets and involved in criminal acts (Hackney, 2011). Working close with youths and get them involved in activities that can keep them out of the streets can reverse the effects of early exposure to violence and promote a better way of socializing.Reference Hackney, Suzette (2011, November 13). Living with murder The agony of Detroits neighborhoods and their cry for help. Free Press, pp. 1-7.

Education and Transformation Essay Essay

Transformative cognition is the bidding of using a prior interpretation to construe a new or rewrite interpretation of the meaning of bingles experience in order to guide future action (Mezi dustup, 2003). It is also a process where an education that is transformative redirects and reenergizes those who break in to reflect on what their lives have been and take on new purposes and perspectives (Will McWhinney et al. , 2003). Jack Mezirows central idea is the process to make meaning from our experiences through reflection, sarcastic reflection and critical self-reflection (Dirkx et al.,2006), Mezirow named this process perspective transformation.According to toilette M. Dirkx (2006) transformative acquirement is emotionally driven and focalisationes more than on a deeper learnedness, his view suggests a more integrated and holistic understanding of subjectivity, one that reflects the intellectual, emotional, moral and spiritual dimensions of our being in the world (Dirkx et al. ,2006). Transformative learning is a process most somebodys have undergo once in their life measure and it is a process that I can closely plug in to.My own(prenominal) experience of transformative learning is closely relevant toJohn M Dirkx emotional come up to the process and Mezirows Subjective Reframing (self-reflective) (Dirkx et al. ,2006). To demonstrate my personal transformative learning experience, I have include my story in this essay. t apieceing method has al focussings been an important factor in my life unlike some of my peers I enjoy studying and learning. In high school, in year 10 I had to choose my year eleven and twelve subjects. Business studies in secondary school seemed very diverting, hence why I chose it as a year eleven and twelve subject.Throughout my entire education life, I have always had agreat interest in history whether it was superannuated or sophisticated so I also chose to study mod history. For me both subjects were very important as they make a lot of divagation to my 1 1 ATAR (Australian Tertiary Admission Rank). However with the dickens subjects I had two completely different experiences, which is related to transformative learning. Firstly, with business studies I had a teacher who lacked discipline and she was a vessel full of knowledge and information and we were her bank account, where she would pour her wisdom and knowledge to us students this method is called the banking method (personalcommunication, 5 August, 2013).Her teaching method included reading information from the textbook and not explaining in detail what certain cost mean and how they relate to our learning. Personally, I would go out of the classroom as an empty vessel and feel like I wasted fifty minutes of my learning time. Each lesson it got harder and harder to concentrate because I did not understand anything that I was supposedly learning, so my other peers easily distracted me. Unfortunately for me, my teacher kept thinking t hat I was the main reference point of distraction.Until today I still do not know why she sousedly believed that Idistracted everyone else, maybe it was because I did not interact with classroom topics I did not learn anything and that is why I could not participate in class discussions. Each lesson, I had to sit in the front row by myself or next to a student that was not my friend some lessons I would not even speak a word tho my teacher would still pick on me for turning my interrogative to the direction of the noise a student was making. By the end of year eleven, I suddenly hated my teacher provided I never argued with her, I just tried my best to stay focused and teach myself.My p arnts have always told me to appreciate my teachers but to also stand up for myself in cases where I felt isolated and disadvantaged. Three months before the HSC (Higher School Certificate), I finally had enough and stood up for myself. It was a Monday morning, I had double period of Business studies and as always I had to sit in the front row and not speak a word. Towards the end of the lesson, I quietly asked the girl next to me about a word I did not understand, before I even had a happening to hear the answer my teacher started to scream at me and that is when I broke down in tears.I tried to explain what I was doing however she 2 2 refused to listen to me so I started to argue with her, I raised my voice at her and told her to stop screaming at me. She instantly sent me to the head teacher of business studies however it backfired on her. I told the head teacher everything that had happened within a year and a half, I showed her my workbook and explained how she lacked teaching skills. Fortunately for me, one of my peers supported me and told her that the teacher kept picking on me.The next day in class we had a new seating arrangement, my teachers attitude had changeddramatically, she seemed more focus and more serious about teaching. However, I decided to drop bu siness studies as I felt that I could not do well in the final exam and also I could not cope with my teacher. In hindsight I am glad that I dropped that subject and stood up for myself. In comparison, modern history was my favourite subject.My passion and interest for history had a large contribution to my high grades and achievements but my teacher, she is the one who helped me receive the marks I valued in the HSC. She applied the factory learning (personal communication, 5 August, 2013) theory to us, at the end of each lesson we wouldhave to stand up and explain the key points we had learnt that lesson. Additionally, in every single class we would receive worksheets and a summary of all the important information and she would go through it, with us.If we did not understand something, she was more than smart to take time out of her lunch and carefully explain that topic to us. For two years, every single lesson was fun and interesting, she never raised her voice at us, and inst ead she would just say shhh or just tap us on the shoulder if we were talking over her. In hindsight, I now sack how much my attitude and perspective has changed towardslearning. Both subjects made me realise that I have the knowledge and wisdom to achieve what I want and it also say me to choose what I want to study in University, which is teaching.Mezirows states his perspective on transformative learning by describing it as an 3 3 adult learning that modifies their assumptions and clarifies them. Mezirow calls this the meaning perspective, which selectively shapes and delimits perception, cognition, feelings and disposition by inclining our motives, goals and expectations (Dirkx et al. ,2006). Personally, my transformational learning experience is linked with Mezirows meaningperspective theory I made meaning out of my experiences by defining and reflecting on my journey.Many people may not associate a negative and positive experience with transitional learning and meaning persp ective but for me those two diverse experiences have transformed my views. I now not only study to become a teacher but I also try my best to practice becoming a helpful, disciplined, understanding and caring teacher, so my students can enjoy my classes and inhabit positive learning. My personal experience is described as transformative learning as I have changed and learntabout my learning environment and even more significantly about my strengths and weaknesses.My experience closely relates to both Mezirows and Dirkxs theories. Mezirows idea of subjective reframing and meaning perspective and also Dirkxs emotional approach to the being in the world (Dirkx et al. ,2006). John Dirkxs approach to transitional learning focuses more on the inner self and inner world. Dirkxs first of all point is that we as adults keep our personal and private thoughts, beliefs and values close to our chest and only allow a few, if any, others to know, he further concentrates on our inner voices, the ones thatlend a felt presence (Dirkx et al. ,2006).According to Dirkx, these inner voices are not alone, he highlights that our consciousness joins our inner voices, which eventually lead to individuals thinking why they think of how others perceive them as (Dirkx et al. ,2006). Joining Dirkx on his idea is Willis Harman who states that human consciousness should be given full light to the primacy of inner conscious awareness (OSullivan et al. , 2004). Both Dirkx and Harmans ideas links back to my experience as a high school student. 4 4 tone back, I kept my true thoughts private and I allowed my inner voices to get the betterof me.Similarly to what Harman suggests, I soon started to recognise my consciousness after I stood up for myself and critically assessed myself for not taking actions earlier. In contemporary society, now, if something similar was to happen I would use my brain and consciousness rather than concentrate on my inner voice. However, Mezirow challenges Dirkxs id ea by highlighting that transitional learning occurs within ones awareness and that the outcome must involve a rational process of critically assessing ones epistemic assumptions (Dirkx et al. ,2006).Mezirow further adds to his critique, that the reason whytransitional learning is stopped from being reduced to a faith, prejudice, vision or desire is because he believes that it happens within awareness and consciousness (Dirkx et al. ,2006). Furthermore, my transformational learning experience allowed me to have a better understanding of myself, I was able to self reframe (self reflect) on my journey and observe the situation that I endured and finally recognise the main reason that factored to having a transformative experience.Hence, why I believe that both Dirkx and Mezirows theories relate to my personal experience.In addition to Mezirow, Dirkx and Harmans ideas, Roslyn Arnold argues that in order for effective learning to take place an effective teacher should be put in place (A rnold, 2005)John Hattie who studied Americas very best teachers highlights that the key ingredient for the most effective teaching is not reducing class sizes or introducing new technology or asking for parent help or tutoring or concentrating on certain students, it is finding a classroom teacher that has an impaction on children. He further adds that our focus should be shifted to higher quality teaching rather than seek for other solutions (Arnold, 2005).Arnold puts forward the idea that although teaching and learning is vital in schools, teachers should also recognise that students well-being are just as important as their learning. Arnold also recognises the fact that it is not only what we learn, but it is also about how we feel about 5 5 what we learn (Arnold, 2005). Personally I can relate to both Arnold and John Hatties ideas with regards to my modern history teacher.As previously stated, my modern history teacher cared for our well-being along with our learning, she did t his by having group conversationswith us about what we did on the weekend or on some days when we finished our class work early we would show her funny pictures we found on Facebook. Most of all, she would show great interest in our studying and grades so she would ask us to tell her the best way we learn and how else she could make the HSC year a little less disagreeable for us.It was also the way I felt about the subject, I absolutely enjoyed every single minute of modern history, I would air forward to each lesson and I would always participate in-group discussions. In comparison with my business studies teacher I could not even ask questions that wererelevant to the topic, she did not care for my well-being, she would advisedly make jokes that would hurt other students or make rude comments. Of course no one made a complaint about it because they enjoyed wasting quality-learning time and distracting her from teaching.Both Arnold and John Hatties theories are extremely importa nt, they not only suggest that learning is part of our environment and consciousness but they also look for other elements that impact students education and my experience with both teachers significantly show that their ideas are right.In conclusion, the reason why I selected to discuss both of my personal experiences is because I can relate to Jake Mezirow, John Dirkx, Willis Harman, Roslyn Arnold and John Hatties concepts and ideas significantly relate to my transition. Recognising and self-assessing your experience is essential to individuals like myself, if I did not recognise and self reframe myself, I could not have move forward or transform.Although Mezirow argues that transition happens in awareness and Dirkx argues that it happens when we are unaware, I personally believe that it is both as individuals can listen to their inner voice but 6 6also be conscious while transforming. Arnold and John Hattie both argue strong and important points, high quality teaching will always have a positive impact on students and if teachers care for their well being therefore problems such as mine will not happen.Personally, I am glad that I experienced both a negative and positive learning environment as it allowed me to change the way I think and express my thoughts and values without having to worry about being yelled at. It was also a honourable experience because when I do become a teacher I will always keep in mind my experiences and never treat my students the way my businessstudies teacher treated me.Some individuals experiences include environmental factors, family, friends and work that allow them to transform. My personal experience included enduring two diverse learning experiences that made me transform to the young teacher I will be, who will always put her students well being first. 7 7 REFERENCE LIST Arnold, R. , (2005). Empathic intelligence. Dean of education at the University of Tasmania (UNSW Press). Dirkx, M, J. , Mezirow, J, & Cranton, P. (2006 ). Musings and reflections on the meaning, context, and process of Transformative Learning a dialogue between John M.Dirkx, Jack Mezirow and Patricia Cranton. ledger of Transformative Education 4 123, doi 10. 1177/1541344606287503 McWhinney, W, & Markos, L. (2003). Transformative education across the threshold. Journal of Transformative Education 1 16, doi 10. 1177/1541344603252098 Mezirow, J. (2003). Epistemology of transformative learning. Unpublished manuscript. OSullivan, E. V. , & Taylor, M. M. (2004). Glimpses of an bionomic consciousness. In Learning toward an ecological consciousness Selected transformative practices (pp. 5-24). New York, NY Palgrave Macmillan. 8 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY Cooper, S.(n. d). Transformational learning. Theories of learning in educational psychology. Retrieved from http//www. lifecircles-inc. com/Learningtheories/humanist/mezirow. html (accessed 5 September 2013) 9 9 View as multi-pages TOPICS IN THIS papers Consciousness, Education, Learning, Learning c urve, Meaning of life, Teacher RELATED entryS Education school of thought formal logical techniques to philosophical problems. My educational philosophy is based on personal experience, and from daily observations. I believe that the purpose of todays schools go above and beyond simply academic education.I believe that schools are a place for education, experience, and preparation for the future. As any comfortable environment, schools should provide students with good physical, mental, and emotional health. In order to 2441 Words 4 Pages READ total DOCUMENT Education Philisophy Outline and Rational Education Philosophy Outline and principle Education Philosophy Outline and Rationale Metaphysics History Aristotles metaphysics included Ontology (study of existence), Natural Theology (Study of God), and Universal Science (causality, relations, interactions, etc. ) Major Branches Theology What is God?Is there a God, and if so, what is its purpose/ Cosmology Where did the univers e come from, and what is it comprised of? Determinism/ allay Will 2441 Words 6 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Education Outline and Rationale Running head Educational Philosophy Outline and Rationale Educational Philosophy Outline and Rationale Karimah Collins Grand Canyon University EDU 576 July 3, 2010 Educational Philosophy Outline and Rationale Philosophies in education may falsify from school to school and teacher to teacher. Through the years, there have been vast changes in technology, values, and ideals.In this paper, my educational philosophy and rationale for that philosophy will be explained. 2441 Words 5 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT My Personal Philosophy of Education ? DESCRIBE YOUR OWN PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION. WHAT EDUCATION MEANS TO YOU AND HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED, WHAT METHOD OF LEARNING YOU BELIEVE IS THE BEST, WHAT ADVANTAGES DISTANCE LEARNING AND PERSONALIZED LEARNING HAS ETC. To describe education in the simplest form is the process of teaching and or learning. This enc ompasses the theory and the process of achieving enlightenment or knowledge and understanding.All human beings on this planet require 2441 Words 3 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Education and the Role of Philosophy Education and, the Role of Philosophy In The Journey through American Education Curriculum as a theatre of operations of study has been characterized as elusive, fragmentary and confusing (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2009, p. 1). According to Wikipedia, education is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character, or physical ability of an individual and is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated2441 Words 7 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT The Different Schools of Philosophy Which Affect Education Philosophy and education are closely related for philosophy is the basis of education. The strengths and weakness of philosophical system are explored in terms of their relations to education. Philosophy is made of two major divisions, name ly metaphysics and epistemology. Metaphysics is a subdivision of philosophy which systematically analyzes the question of the ultimate reality. During the middle ages, metaphysis became the most important 2441 Words READ FULL DOCUMENT Foundation in Education which is the main philosophy of the education system. The library is often seen as the storehouse of knowledge in the school. Foundations in Education touch on four key areas each of which provides insightful information into the society, the individuals and their interactions with each other. The four main areas in Foundations in Education are psychology, sociology, philosophy and language. We will look at each in turn to see the benefits of 2441 Words 9 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Education and Cognitive theory.a.Dewey argued that children learn best by doing, the idea that education should focus on the whole child and emphasize the childs rendering to the environment, reasoned that children should not be just narrowly educat ed in academic topics but should learn how to think and adapt to a world outdoor(a) school, and the belief that all children deserve to have a competent education. Some example are to boost student motivation by 2441 Words 2 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT CITE THIS DOCUMENT APA (2014, 04). Education.

International Mother Language Day Essay

UNESCOs declaration of 21st February as the Inter depicted object drive Language Day has brought dulcet glory and prestige to Bangladesh which is making signifi give the bouncet strides towards peace, progress and prosperity at home and discharging international obligations abroad. After 1952, the people of Bangladesh have been observing every family the 21st day of February as their glorious and unforgettable Language Martyrs Day. What happened on 21st February 1952 is widely known. Still let us very briefly say the fateful happenings of that day and the circumstances that led to and followed them.In August 1947, a revolutionary state called Pakistan, comprising two far-flung wings in the west and east, marooned by 1600 kilometers of foreign territory, emerged on the world map. The ideological basis of that strange phenomenon was the absurd and pernicious two nation theory of Mr. Jinnah that ignored such introductory elements as wording and enculturation and considered reli gion as a bond strong and sufficient enough to transform a people into a nation.The language of the people of eastern wing of Pakistan, and they were the majority, was Bangla. It had a rich tradition of literature of over a thousand years. The Bangalees also had a highly developed culture that had little in common with the culture of the people of western wing of Pakistan. The Bangalees love for and attachment to their language and culture were great and when in 1952 the neo-colonial, power-hungry, arrogant rulers of Pakistan state that Urdu and Urdu alone would be the state language of Pakistan, they sowed the seed of its future disintegration.The people of the then East Pakistan, particularly the students, rose in angry protest against the abominable undemocratic designs of the government. Those designs really amounted to the destruction of Bangla language and culture and imposition of the language and culture of the people of western wing on the people of eastern wing. The rep ly was strong and spontaneous.The government decided to quell protests by brute force. The police openedfire on 21st February 1952 on unarmed peaceful protesters, intimately of whom were students, resulting in the death, among others, of Rafiq, Barkat, Jabbar and Salam. As the news of those deaths spread, the entire people of the eastern wing felt greatly involved emotionally. Those who lost their lives to uphold the prestige defend the rights of their mother-language became blessed martyrs.Barkat Rafiq SaifurTheir sacrifice at once tragic glorious and the indignation of the people against an autocratic government had far reaching effect. 21st February became a symbol and succeed mythic properties, it nourished the concepts of democracy and secularism. It also contributed significantly to the flowering of Bangalee nationalism. It led to the dawning of the realization in the minds of the Bangalees that they constituted a separate nation and their want lay not with Pakistan but el sewhere as an independent country. The subsequent democratic mass movements of the late fifties, throughout the sixties and the seventies, and finally the struggle for emancipation and the war of liberation owed a great deal to 21st February.From 1953 onwards, starting from 21st February 1953, the immortal 21st February has been observed as a great national event all over Bangladesh, and also beyond the frontiers of Bangladesh in several places of India, UK, USA, Canada and elsewhere, wherever there is a sizeable concentration of Bangla speaking people. Yet so eagle-eyed, it has been mainly a national event of Bangladesh. But with the declaration of 21st February as the international father Language Day, it has transcended the national borders of Bangladesh and acquired an international significance and a global dimension.International Mother Language Day is particularly significant in the sense that it has a cultural importance. From now on, 21st February so long observed in B angladesh as the Bangla Language Martyrs Day will be observed here simultaneously as the Bangla Language Martyrs Day and the International Mother Language Day. And in nearly 200 countries of the world, various peoples speaking various languages and belonging to various national cultures will observe 21st February as the International Mother LanguageDay. They will naturally celebrate their own mother languages, but while doing so, it is more than likely that they will refer to Bangladesh and the Language stool launched by her people that reached a climactic point on 21st February 1952.The declaration made by the UNESCO in November 1999 designating 21st February as the International Mother Language Day has placed Bangladesh on the cultural map of the world with a highly positive image. We, people of Bangladesh, should now do all that we can to further develop our mother language Bangla in all branches of knowledge so that it can play a worthy role in the connection of world languag es. We shall love, cherish and promote Bangla, our own mother language, but we shall not indulged in any kind of chauvinism.While devotedly serving our own language, we shall evaluate the languages of all the peoples of the world make 21st February The International Mother Language Day a great day, to be observed worldwide in the new century and the millennium that we have recently stepped into. Long live 21st February the International Mother Language Day

Czech Literature Essay

1. Characterize the main defining points of Czechoslovakian pre 19th century history. Czech lit encompasses the provinces of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia. The Czech literature is divided into some periods, the Middle Ages, the Hussite Period, the Baroque period and the sense that ushered in the 19th century Czech literature. Czech literature is un commonly tri-lingual, utilizing Czech, Latin then German. Most of the writers beforehand wrote in other languages (i. e. German) thats why some of these writers and their works were classified as Austrian Literature.Early evidences of Czech poetic work around twelfth centuries are the two songs, Hospodine, pomiluj ny (Lord Have Mercy Upon Us) and Svaty Vaclave (Saint Wenceslas). In the 13th century, various political, social and cultural changes happened. Epics such as Alexandreis, the Chronicles of Dalimil, the lyrical pieces Island Song and Cunigunds Prayer, signaled the birthing of a unique Czech literature. Enters the Hussite Era wherein the sole purpose of the literature was to expand and spread the arguments and doctrines of Jan Hus.Jan Hus was a theological writer at the beginning of the fifteenth century wherein he wrote mostly in Latin, and then Czech by and by on. Nonetheless, he published a compilation of his sermons in Czech and created rules of orthography and grammar that would later on be the foundation of modern Czech. Jan Hus works catered to the masses and mostly consist of social situations. This period truly developed Czech spiritual songs as alternates for Latin hymns and liturgy. However, Hussite Literature was oftentimes invalidated by works defending Catholicism dear like Jan Rokycanas works. Humanism, a new trend in Bohemia replaced the Hussite era.This striving of literature mainly dealt about rival literary productions of Catholics in Latin and Protestants in Czech. However, the Catholics finally emerged victorious after the Protestants were defeated in the battle of the White Mo untain. Therefore, there was persuasive re-Catholicization that leads to confiscations and eviction of all Protestants. There was a splitting of literature, the domestic Catholic and the exiled Protestants. This was kn guide as the Baroque period. However, the Bohemian nobility was unlike any European nobility during that time, they held special courts for the nobles separate from the public.This division resulted to the inability of the Baroque period of literature to expand and develop. The best known put down in Baroque Czech writing was John Commenius, a teacher, theologian, and philosopher. He grew up in Bohemia but was later on exiled due to Protestantism and with his death, Protestant literature died away with him. After the demise of Protestantism and the power of Catholicism, a new development occurred with the declaration of Emperor Josef II to end feudalism and to tolerate freedom of godliness and ideas.This ushered enlightened classicism, or the application of ration al reasoning to all aspects of life. Having a body political language and a literature in ones own language was seen as necessary to build an identity for the nation. A renewed interest in Czech folk literature and prose novels that relates the history and evolution of the nation of Czech, and a certain Czech poetic style was developed. 2. Describe the first phase of national revival. Major Figures The national revival was a spin-off from the enlightenment of Czech literature.These ideas were all about renewal of everything Czech from science to the arts and field of view. However, there would still be a long way to go from organism independent from the German style and develop a unique Czech style. This task was especially hard since German influence had span for so some years and the Czech language was already losing out. Hence, the solidarity among Czech citizens was greatly established and its connection with Russia, as well as restoration of the historicism and instilling na tionalism amongst its people. gait by step, promotion of Czechs unique culture and traditions finally escalated to the point of politics. This means that Czechs status as a administration is equal to Germany, with Czech having its own constitutions and local autonomy. However, in 1848, there was an outbreak of revolution all over Europe and Germany had demanded unification of other European countries with them. This gnarly the lesser Germany or a greater Germany wherein Czech would be a part of, supposedly.However, Chancellor Matternich of Austria resigned a month before the first Austrian authorship was proclaimed. Nevertheless, uprisings were still adamant and a convention met in Vienna aiming to end the Viennese revolution and Slavic nations who resists Germanys offer of incorporating Austria into Germany as part of its greater Germany concept. Upon so many debacles an Austro-Hungarian Settlement was reached, but this agreement totally ignored Czechs demands, which led to an a ssembly of people at significant sites in Czech history.So, an agreement between Austria and Czech was develop in 1871 and it included increased authority of Czechs assemblies. However this agreement was flawed such that it increased discontented of Germans and Hungarians living in Czech and further negotiations for the treaty was stopped. The relationship among Czechs and Germans worsen eventually, that this led to the formation of Germans in Bohemia their own enclosed German territory wherein German is the ex officio language. 3. Early 19th century poetsAfter the enlightenment period and the national revival struggle, Romanticism entered the Czech literature scene. Frantisek Palacky was the leading Slavic learner with Vaclav Hanka (17911861) who produced Slavic texts that became part of Czechs literary tradition and culture. Moreover, the entrance of three literary figures such as Svatopluk Cech, Jan Neruda, and Joseph V. Sladek introduced poetry that was leaning towards the ri ch and the aristocrats. Svatopluk Cech (1846-1908) was a Czech poet and novelist.He became famous for his love for freedom and democracy and his inclination to Pan-Slavism. This enthusiasm with politics was observed done out his many writings just like The Adamites (1873), Zizka (1879), and Vaclav of Michalovice (1880). His satirical novel Excursion of Mr. Broucek to the Moon (1886) was also well-regarded as well as his idyllic prose In the Shade of the Linden Tree (1879). Jan Neruda (1834-1891) was a Czech essayist and poet. A native of Prague, his famous Stories from Mala Strana (1878) were derived from his childhood in Prague.It also showed ridiculous interpretation of the Czech middle class that illustrates Czech realism. Joseph V. Sladek (1845-1912) was a Czech poet and translator. His works were influenced by Shakespearean plays since he lived in the United States for two years and the taught English in Prague and translated much American and English writings into Czech. Slad eks poetry were free-verses and short at some point, demonstrating his personal sorrows and nationalistic ideology. His collections were entitled Basne poems (1875) and Sluncem a stinem in sun and shade (1887).4. Development of Czech Theater Early dramatics in Czech was mainly composed of secular and liturgical dramas that present religious themes. These dramas were usually performed by professional actors and magicians. The Baroque Jesuit Drama was usually school plays that were run by the Jesuit Order of Priests in the 16th and 17th century. The theme was usually about country folk as presented to the urbanised public. Professional theater was made available by foreign performers who traveled from one country to another.They are usually Germans and English, some others Italians, as well as French. Theater, did not escape the National Revival Project of the Czechs. Performances are to be executed using primarily the Czech language. Vlastenecke divadlo or the Patriotic Theater, th e Bouda or the Shack, and the Nostitz build of the National Theater, were the beginning of Czech Porfessional Theater. Czech professional theater reached the countrysides through J. A. Prokops company theater where they made their performances using puppets in 1849.Finally, the opening of the Prozatimni Divadlo or Provisional Theater in 1862, Czech Theater created its own identity apart from German Theater. Consequently, the first generation of Czech Porfessional actors emerged like Josef Jiri Kolar and Anna Kolarova-Manetinska. Czech opera house also grew unexpectedly with seven premieres by Bedrich Smetana and five Antonin Dvorak (Czech Republic Website). The opening of the National Theater in Prague in 1883 introduced Czech Theater to the whole of Europe. Performances in Czech language started to increase and styles such as realism and naturalism developed.Then in the beginning of the 20th century the avant-garde of Czech theater materialized and the works of Jiri Mahen, Frana S ramek and Viktor Dyk, ushered the symbolist and impressionist dramas. A new style of acting was also developing through focusing on the mind and pysche of the character, and this was presented by Hana Kvapilova and Eduard Vojan, among many others. The Municipal Theater at Kralovske Vinohradyopened in Prague in 1907, and Karel Hugo Hilar performed the art of expressionism in theater.The development of Czech Theater was accompanied by the growth of Czech Theater Critics as well as magazines such as Scena were published. In 1918, wherein the development of an Independent Czechoslovakia was starting to brew, litearary works became rampant representing nationalistic ideas and usage of Czech language. Styles such as Avant-garde in Fantasy and Comedy also emerged. However, when the Nazi Occupation reached Czechoslovakia, all theaters were closed in 1944. Then in 1948, Czech theater emerged again with a new purpose, Socialist Realism.This was mainly a propaganda of the communist regime to s pread out their doctrines. But, in 1950s, small theaters took forms apart from the official theater, that fascinated a larger group of non-conformist audiences. This is where the famous Czech writer Milan Kundera began writing for theater. 5. Compare city and village prose Czech literature was not intelligibly divided accordingly as city and village prose. Through out the thorough research, no mention as to the theme about city or village was encountered, however, an inkling that the oral literature of Czech could perhaps be defined as village prose.Since Czech literature in its oral form existed before the coming of any influence, from the urban cities or from the west, folk poetry was used. Another is the emergence of Catholic themes that could probably date back as cold as 863 A. D. when Moravia and Bohemia were converted into Christianity through the labors of St. Cyril and St. Methodius. All Czech literature began in this era and with the exception of Bulgarian literature, Cz ech literature is the oldest and the richest. Themes range from secular and religious prose and liturgies of the Catholic Church.As with the city prose, conceivably emerged through the influx of other styles as Czech literature moved on. With the addition of the romanticism that relates knights tales and crusaders and the feasts that were held in honor of them. Humanism that copied Roman and Greek literature, and Avant-garde styles such as impressionism and expressionism and political themes could also be referred to as city prose. 6. Compare the literary groups Ruch and Lumir In the 1840s, with the rise of Czech literature, publications and journalism were also growing on its own.These publications contributed a lot for the political liberation of Czech from Austria. Literary periodicals that are fast connected with this political theme are the Lumir and Ruch. Lumir begun c. 1875, focused on the need to develop a Czech literature that would reach the level of international standar ds through the writings of Jaroslav Vrchlicky and Julius Zeyer. Ruch, who started in 1868, however, focused on strengthening national traditions and themes through the writings of Josef Vaclav Sladek and Svatopluk Cech.Both periodicals were directed towards patriotism and nationalism through publishing writers that have some say about the political situation of the country. These writers, expressed their love for Czechoslovakia by creating historical novels such of Alois Jirasek or was commonly known as the Czech Walter Scott, (18511930). Works Cited Czech and Slovak literature. Crystal Reference Encyclopedia. Crystal Reference Systems Limited. 06 Dec. 2007. Reference. com http//www. reference. com/browse/crystal/08865

Matt Moreau’s Dilemma Essay

Introduction claxon Mackness, the president of Bantings incision stores recently appointed unconditional Moreau as score aim of customer services overdue to customer complaints at the early(a) plane section stores. To help Matt in the staffing of his newly created department, Steven Judson, corporate personnel office handler, refers chap Armitage, an ideal buttocksdidate who holds m both years of management scram at other department stores. After calling Tony Abbott, regional manager, who worked with cracking and gave her performance appraisal, Matt finds out that fracture recovered from crab louse a few years ago and is unsure whether Sally would be capable for the high demanding set up. This write up give analyze the ethical issues and alternatives for this case.Identify the StakeholdersMatt Moreau is the newly appointed manager to improve the feeling of customer service. His task is difficult and demanding because the stores are managed through an operations de partment who reports to the president. This means Matt will fetch little authority to implement new programs unless he employs people with line management experience that have developed credibility with the operations department.Chuck Mackness is the president of Bantings and appointed Matt as head of customer service as a result of customers complaining at other department stores. He expects Matt to implement new programs for the staff and stores and wants to promise results by Christmas. On his last field visit, he met Sally and she indicated that she would benefit from head office experience. Chuck mentions this to Steven Judson who passes onto Matt.Tony Abbot is the regional manager that encompasses Chute mound store where Sally is running(a). Tony worked with Sally when she was the assistant manager at Eastland Mall store and to labourher they move the store around from being the worst performer. Afterwards, he gave a performance appraisal of Sally full-grown her much of the credit. Tony is affected by the decision because if Matt promotes Sally, he will have to work with a different manager at Chute Hill store.Sally Armitage is a highly competent manager at Bantings who started out as a clerk and worked her way into management. She always had good or slender performance appraisals and has management experience at various department stores. Although she is in good health, her medical bill shows that she had cancer a few years ago and she still goes e truly three months for regular checkups. Her underway position at Chute Hill store is only(prenominal) 10 minutes away from her menage whom she lives with her teenage daughter. Despite the high performance, her medical history will be factored into Matts decision. other(a) stakeholders include Sallys teenage daughter and the other departments in Bantings. Sally is divorced and if she does get hired, she will have less time for her daughter because she would have to commute on the road longer. The other departments in Bantings will be affected because with Sallys ambition and her creditability to the president, the customer service department will be able to implement organization-wide programs.Stakeholders Frame of ReferenceMatt is provoke in adding Sally to his staff because of her experience and her relationship with Chuck but to a fault understands the stake of hiring an employee with her medical history. The risk is if Sallys health deteriorates halfway through, there wont be someone else to fill her position. It is in like manner important to consider the cost of rail ining and how detrimental it would be to the department especially when it is a very demanding position.Chuck Mackness, the president of the company is indirectly involved. He mentions Sally to Steven because he must have observe her ambition to climb the corporate ladder and that he may have seen some personal traits in her. That way, Matt would of consider Sally as an candidate and the possibility of hiring her may lead to Chuck work with Sally someday.Tony Abbott does non want Sally to leave her job because he understands the health issues after working with her at the Eastland Mall store. Although Tony gave her a performance appraisal, he understands the absences Sally took were serious. During the conversation with Matt, Tony believes Sally should not be hired because of her current state of health. He believes Sally is able to cope with her current position because she lives only 10 minutes away and that she has got a good staff when shes not feeling c percent so she can coast a little bit.Sally is looking for a position in head office because she is ambitious. She does not consider the factors that would affect her if she does get hired. Her commute to work would addition to one hour each way unless she moves closer to downtown. The job would take a toll on her health and she would not have much time for her daughter with the slow nights, meetings and traveling. Eve n if her illness comes back, she believes she can cope with the demanding job by working even harder to prove to herself that she can do anything.Sallys daughter would not want her mother to be hired because that would lead to less time spend together and if they do move to downtown, Sallys daughter would be one hour away from school or she would have to change schools. The other departments in Banting would not want any change in operations because they would have to learn new procedures and software.Ethical IssuesMatt is obligated to exculpate decisions in the interest of the company. If Sally is hired and her illness comes back, this decision would lose money for the company and Matts position to improve customer service would be hampered. Also the fact that Chuck wants to see results by Christmas would put even more pressure on the department if Sally becomes ill.Because Matt knows virtually her medical history, he should make the best decision in her interest. By hiring Sall y to the demanding position could potentially endanger her health. If her illness comes back, it would be detrimental to her and Matt. It is also important to consider her daughter and the toll it would take on their family.Alternative 1 Hire SallyThe first alternative is to hire Sally. This option has the highest risk and highest reward. The risk is by promoting Sally, her health could deteriorate and she would not be able to perform at a high take aim. At that point the company would have invested into her training and would not be able to train another employee in the time. The company would be at a loss and the original objective of alter customer service would not be executed properly. The upside of this is that Sally is able to cope with the essay and excels at her position. Her proven management experience and her drive to perform at a high level would ensure the improvement of customer service.Alternative 2 Hire somebody elseThe second alternative is to hire somebody el se with a clean medical history. This is the safest alternative because the company would not risk the possibility of the employee not able to perform the job. This option would not lose the company money as the employee would not have any sudden medical problem. There would most likely be other employees who are interested in the head office environment and are as qualified as Sally.Alternative 3 Rent an apartment suite in downtown for SallyThe third alternative is to rent an apartment suite close to downtown so the burden of the long commute for Sally is gone. The company would pose additional expenses but as long as Sallys benefit to the company is great than the expense, the company would go with this decision. However the risk that the job is too stressful for Sally is still present. The late nights, meetings and tensions could prove too stressful for her.Choice of AlternativeThe second alternative is the best option for Matt. He is able to control the fact that whoever he hires will be not have any major(ip) health issues that would ensue later on. Although Sally is the ideal candidate for the position, there are other candidates with years of management experience and have developed credibility with the operations types. In the other two alternatives, where Sally does become ill due to the demanding job, she could file a lawsuit for employee negligence. This would not happen and this alternative is also in the best interest of Sally because her current position is optimal for her health and her family.

Electronic civil disobedience Essay

Civil noncompliance has been a large part of societies and the bypast generations that provoke existed. With the further dawning of the in foundation technology era, civil disobedience has taken a nonher formelectronic civil disobedience (ECD). Though ECD takes a rather non-violent means in advancing the interests of certain(p) groups and positing challenges to the status quo of several(prenominal) institutions, ECD has nevertheless remained a crucial attract in shaping the image of mankind in general and will remain to be a contributing element in the climax yearsand beyond.A look into electronic civil disobedience comparisons and analyses In contrast to computer sin, electronic civil disobedience is a means merely designed to attack the institutions whereas the former is more addicted to obtain profit from actions that harm an individual. This standing distinction contests the probable argument that thither is no solid, or at least an ideal difference between the two and th at both are the equal means in putting down the strength of an institution or of an individual.However, while computer criminality is, by the name itself, a crime punishable by subsisting and applicable laws under the jurisdiction of certain states, opponent via electronic meansthe most common of which is through cyberspaceis deemed to be a means to challenge the existing authority, for instance, in pushing forth necessary changes that are being desire after by individuals. This measure is, apparently, comfort within the borders of the law and are, hence, legal.Electronic civil disobedience (ECD) is frequently carried out in a manner that is non violent or, at the very least, in slipway that do not involve direct physical contact (Electronic Civil Disobedience). Although there can be indirect physical consequences that can be attributed to the means and ends that are involved with ECD, a large bulk of the essence of ECD rests on its forefront pooh-poohance through the maxim um utility of the impalpable resources available.These resources are largely comprised of electronic information and invisible systems in cyberspace that do not carry physical contact among the individuals that seek to advance their interests in the face of another individual or an existing authority. Though by and large much of the past generationsand level a considerable number of the familiarize generation of citizens birth been closely attached to the physical means of civil disobedience such as in the literal sense of taking-up the streets, a shift in the manifestation of civil disobedience is greatly felt in the electronic realm.Since information technologys presence has increasingly grown everyplace the past few decades and since its developments exact been continuous and have been exponential in refinement, the impacts of electronic civil disobedience has also risen in levels proportional to the booming of the information technology industry. As recent developments in the field of cyberspace expand abruptly, so are the probable means in which ECD can tie itself successful in achieving its goals or, at least, in making its presence and mission felt crosswise territorial boundaries of states (Cleaver).Moreover, this growth in information technology (IT) has also give-up the ghosted to break down the physical barriers as well as the invisible fences that hold back attempts at pushing forth civil resistance or disobedience. The physical institutions that seek to eradicate or lessen the probability of occurrence of these civil resistances have slowly diminished its grip on its capability to harness barriers and put up defensive mechanisms that communication channel the success of resistance from citizens. At the height of the development communication tools, effective communication has spread equal wildfire from among various areas in the globe.Cellular phone technology has amassed for the people easier means to effectively transmit messages acro ss wide distances, thereby instituting a smoother flow of information relay. Group organization and mobilization is held at a unifying pace that easily penetrates the state borders and geographical barriers. This leads us to the notion that the as the approach of electronic communicationthe internet and cellular phone technology to name a fewthe anticipate rise in the efficiency and effectiveness of group mobilization and organization in the face of electronic civil disobedience is within reach.However, the abuse of ECD as in the case of civil disobedience (CD) is forever a possibility to the extent that legal measures have also to be taken by the congruous authorities so as to dismantle probable grounds for violent and improper measures in furthering the interests of several groups. ECD, for the most part, can be a ploy utilized by extreme groups that do not only seek refuge in the non-violent methods encapsulated within the essence of ECD but also seek unlawful ends through vi olent actions that spring forth from the devices and advantages brought up by the electronic media.Terrorists, for example, can opt to start their large scale plans of wreaking havoc in a populated society by getting a good hold of the electronic resources available almost everywhere. The September bombings of the World Trade Center in New York has devastated a number of lives and even up to this day the damage done can still be felt not only by those who were directly affected but also by the millions of people who fear the havoc of terrorism, especially in contemporary times where ECD is not something new.It would be kindle to note on the delimiting strands that segregate those that are purely in the form of ECD and those that hid behind layers of terrorist ploys. For the most part, ECD cadaver today as a growing tool used as a means in contesting the status quo by oppositional forces. This brings us to the security issues posited by the ECD that confront the targeted institutio ns by modern-day activists. Although security measures have been reinforced throughout the years with the further advancement in technology, cyberspace remains an open dominion for civil activismand hackers.Though there may be inconclusive findings that seek to establish a connective or an alliance between hackers and ECD groups, there remains the possibility that an actual connivance may genuinely exist, only that the alliance is hidden beneath the rubrics of the intangible world of technology. It may be an extreme thinking to dwell on such a possibility. Nevertheless one cannot entirely dismiss its factual occurrence.In the context of the general population that subscribes to the established groups that further ECD, certain identifying marks have to be do so as to pinpoint the possibility of having a hacker among the number of activists that attempt at bang-up the electronic defense mechanisms of institutions. However, the rapid growth of the electronic resources and its ava ilability prove to be one sizeable factor to surmount by the institutions. Activism is all the more fueled by this growth and, thus, the efforts of the institutions are to be doubled or thickened accordingly if ECD is to be diminished.Quite on the other hand, ECD may not be diminished at all, nor can it be totally dissolved especially when the generation we have of today is one that is teeming with the abundance of electronic wealth (Wehling). It mustiness be further know that such an (ever increasing) abundance in the electronic resources found in cyberspace provides a fertile starting signal point for extreme organizations that might utilize ECD as an initial step towards electronic violence and as a front for the extensive damage that can be instigated through system crashes and data hostages.The psyche adept at information technology and electronic systems will readily convey that the probable damage of system crashes as well as data hostages are devastating in the sense th at they do not only shaken the virtual foundations of institutions but also destroy the intangible interior foundations that wee the electronic core of the institutions.Reparations may be met, though, but the time to successfully recover or at least partially get back on track is yet another factor that must be considered. Hence, security measures are as equally significant as the protection of the interests of these institutions, if not even far more important. Conclusion The impacts of ECD have been felt in many ways.As the growth in cyberspace continues to expand and exceed the standards set forth by previous generations in their attempt to resist the institutional forces and further the specific aims for taking up civil disobedience, ECD continues to be a driving force in directing the path of the electronic world. The presence of ECD in contemporary times will at long last stretch through time for as long as there remains a continue expansion in the domain of cyberspace and f or as long as the interests of people are not met and properly addressed.

Business Law Scenario Commercial Property

To develop what you believe is a terrific idea for a movie game, you read 50,000 square feet in an office building from Commercial Property, LLC, under a written five-year lease. Your address is to put the game on the market within two years. Several months into the term, a competitor out of the blue releases a new game title featuring play that would make your game appear to be a poorly crafted imitation. Can you assign the lease to another party? Explain. You would need the landlord here to get grace to an assignment of the lease.Any task would require a contract since the current lease is between you the dwell and the landlord. All leases hold close to type of clause that requires the landlord to consent to a project or triggerman lease. In most situations the landlord would permit the obligation of your lease assuming that he or she has proper belief history. But in some cases it depends on the limited liability company and if it allows it. What your competitor does has no hit on your lease.It would be nice to help recover some money that they have invested in the lease and to recover some of the loss, if it is aloud, wantfully the commercial property limited liability company allows it, because that would be genuinely nice to recover some cost and not be completely in the whole. You would have to hope that a commercial property limited liability company would work with you, but in some cases a lease is a lease no questions asked and if they decide no then that is all you fecal matter do and you will have to take a loss. But I think if you are dear you will be okay and they will be fair.

A parent’s dilemma

P atomic number 18nting is never an easy task. How the children are being raised is always the parents prerogative. Parental child rise up styles are key components to assessing emotional attachments, respect, and other domains of parent-child interaction. The belief system, societal norms, and culture are basic ingredients in netherstanding enate personality and psychopathology.The drama of leaving the young ones behind while daddy and mom go to work has always been quite difficult for the parents. Therefore relationship between parents and children breakdown to a state more often channeled through professional agencies such as babysitters and other childcare to tone of voice after them while at work. Moreover it is still parents responsibility to ensure that children act in a way acceptable to societal norms and community.Considering that disruptive behaviors of children are always followed by criticisms concerning parental irresponsibility, it has always been a headache when some values of the babysitter were being incorporated and taught to the children.Parents tried to slump absence making calls every now and then to check the kids. But the relationship and the values that children cumulate is more on witnessing the adult that they are dismissing a majority of their time in a day.My mother used to call me three times a day. If she is busy she forgot and I got no calls to expect. It is lonesome when parents are not at home. This is true especially when I get sick and is left under the care of a babysitter. When I have a slight fever and I want a hug and have someone beside me, the babysitter depending on their race, can be cold at times. I may have my medicines but I still can sense I dont know what is lacking. Affection and love is really not there, just not there.The need to support gamy cost maintenance of rearing children and coping up basic needs resembling education and fare has given rise to mothers definitely working to help sustain fina nces. The common practice of family work equilibrize still refers to women as continually responsible for most of the work associated with child rearing. The behavior of children continues to project hold out from other changes made within family circumstance.From my experience, some babysitters tend to be warm and nice in figurehead of my parents and start to change course of mood the moment the car is already off the driveway.They become distant and grouchy in my every request. Food sometimes is a problem. I dont like how they prepare my meals. I noticed that I was becoming uncaring and disrespectful too even with my parents. The mental attitude puzzled them. The idea seems to go around like this what you see is what you portray.Pay off for both parents working are the quantity and nature of family social capital. This is evidenced by home environments. This relatively means that the number of hours parents spend working impacts family strength and relationships.Mothers spen ding more time with children create stronger home environments. The consequence of changing context of parental employment affects the kind of parenting the children benefits and receives. It also shows significant effect on the quality of care self-aggrandizing experience they are receiving.When dad was promoted and he got a nicer pay than the previous month, mom decided to prepare from full time work to part time work. I was very happy then and I really value her presence and was really thankful she is the one caring for me most of the time.When Dad had some other promotion, the house was already filled with luxury items and my things and my bed are really nice. I have my security deposit and I can buy items whenever mother decides for a short trip to the supermarket on mornings for groceries.

Understanding Nutrition

Al-Quds University Body Fluid Lab. Report Chemical Examination of Urine Prepared By Lucia Principles Benedicts Test for Reducing Sugars Urinary sugars when boiled in Benedicts reagent reduce coppersulphateto a ruddy cuprous oxide precipitate in hot alcalescent medium, the intensity of which is proportional to the amount of sugar pledge in the weewee. The results are reported as 1+,2+, etc. depending upon thecolourand intensity of the cuprous oxide precipitate. turbidimetric mode protein in piddle Quantitative Tests for 24-Hour Specimens. Trichloroacetic pane (TCA) prove.The addition of TCA to a urine specimen precipitates the protein in a fine suspension that is quantified spectrophotometrically at 420 nm (nanometers) by comparison with a similarly treated standard. passion and acetic acerbic method Heat test Based on the principle of heat coagulation and precipitation of proteins. If any turbidity appears, add 2 drops of 33% acetic acid. (Acidification is necessary be cause in alkaline medium heating may precipitate phosphates). If the precipitate is payable to proteins, it entrust increase on acidification and if it is due to phosphates, it will dissolve again.Sulphosalicylicacid method Urine Protein Sulfosalicylic Acid Precipitation Test (SSA) Principle three percent (3%) Sulfosalicylic Acid (SSA reagent) is added to a small and equal volume of clear urine. The acidification causes precipitation of protein in the adjudicate (seen as increasing turbidity), which is subjectively graded as trace,1+, 2+, 3+ or 4+. Bence J angiotensin converting enzymes protein Bence Jones chemical reaction involves heating urine to 140F (60C). At this temperature, the Bence Jones proteins will clump. The clumping disappears if the urine is further heated to boil and reappears when the urine is cooled.Other clumping procedures using salts, acids, and other chemicals are also utilize to detect these proteins. These types of test will go against whether or not Bence Jones proteins are present, nevertheless not how much is present. haemosiderin Hemosiderin stain is use to indicate the front end of iron storage granules called hemosiderinby microscopic examination of urine sediment. Granules of hemosiderin stain blue when potassium ferrocyanide is added to the sample. The Prussian blue stain may also be used to identify siderocytes (iron-containing red blood cells RBCs) in peripheral blood.The presence of siderocytes in circulating RBCs is abnormal. urobilinogen This test is based on a modified Ehrlich reaction in which p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde reacts with urobilinogen in a powerfully acid medium. Colors range from light pink to bright magenta. Results * Benedicts Test result for cup G3 4+ Brown color appear. * Turbidimetric method result for cup of 24-hrs urine Tube Absorbance Test+test-blank 0. 058 Standard+ irrigate blank 0. 010 Calculation Total protein (mg/dl)=At/Ast ? conc. St 0. 058/0. 010 ? 100=580 mg/dl Total protien(mg/24 hrs) =urine protein (mg/dl)? urine volume(ml)/100 = 580? 2000/100)=11600 mg /dl customary values 0-150 mg/24 hrs * Heat and acetic acid method and Sulphosalicylicacid method for cup P4 4+ precipitation appeared. * Bence Jones protein for cup P4 Clear by and by 15 min of boiling so negative for Bence Jones protein. * Hemosiderin results Few Hemosiderin granules was seen under Microscope * Urobilinogen result for cup G3Negative result (no appearance of red color). Interpretation Benedicts Test for Reducing Sugars Normal urine does not contain any reducing sugar. If protein is present in large amounts, it may intercede with the precipitation of the cuprous oxide.To overcome this problem, precipitate the proteins using 3% SSA fall into place using aWhatmanfilter paper and use the filtrate to test the amount of sugar present. As a lineament look into measure, standards containing known amounts of glucose are prepared in saturated benzoic acid and one of the standards is used all day to check the reliability of the patients results. The standard results may be transformed in the following semi-quantitative way. turbidimetric method protein in urine For turbidimetric methods, there were no apparent problems of comparative bias betwixt human albumin and serum-based materials and urines used in this study.Perhaps this was because all materials were diluted in 9 g/L saline turbidimetric methods generally suffer from failure of standards and samples to form precipitates identically,and precipitation may not occur at low protein concentrations in urines of high ionic strength. Heat and acetic acid method This test is raw enough to detect protein down to a concentration of 2-3 mg%. Ifan alkalineurine is boiled, the protein may be converted into the so- called alkalinemetaprotein, which is not coagulated by heat. Therefore it is always better to acidify the urine before doing this test.If too much acetic acid is added, the protein may be converted to the so-ca lled acidmetaprotein, which is also not coagulated by heat. Therefore the urine should be only mildly acidic. Sulphosalicylicacid method Thesulphosalicylicacid method will not detect protein ina normalurine, but will be sensitive enough to detect protein present down to 20mg%. As a quality control measure, a 22g/dl albumin solution can be diluted appropriately with 0. 9 g/dl sodium chloride to get standards containing 20, 50, 200, 500 and 2500 mg/dl proteins.These standards are stable for one month when stored at 2-80C. Bence Jones protein Monoclonal light chain proteinuria (Bence Jones proteinuria) is seen in patients with light chain myeloma, in approximately 50% of those with IgG and IgA myeloma, and in some patients with other lymphoproliferative disorders (eg, macroglobulinaemia) and plasma cell dyscrasias (amyloid). good paraprotein molecules may also be detected in serum. Urine protein dipsticks do not detect Bence-Jones protein. Hemosiderin Hemosiderin is present in disease s involving a true siderosis of kidney parenchyma (hemochromatosis).It is also present 2-3 days after an swell hemolytic episode that produces hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. Hemosiderin granules are found in intact renal tubelike epithelial cells or occasionally in casts and may also be seen extracellularly. Urobilinogen Interpretation of results will depend upon several factors the variability of color perception the presence or absence of inhibitory factors the presence or absence of inhibitory factors typically found in urine, the specific gravity or the pH and the lighting conditions under which the product is used.